hisotry

Question 1

Scientists used the ________ to better understand social, economic, & political problems

Answer 1

Natural Law

Question 2

Who believed that in order to escape a state of nature, people enter into a social contract with the government?

Answer 2

Thomas Hobbes

Question 3

Hobbes wanted __________________ to keep order

Answer 3

Absolute monarchy

Question 4

State of nature=_________________

Answer 4

No government

Question 5

Who believed that life liberty, & property belong to all humans from birth?

Answer 5

John Locke

Question 6

Locke said that the role of government should be ________

Answer 6

Limited

Question 7

Locke believed that people may __________ an unjust government

Answer 7

Overthrow

Question 8

Who wanted to divide the various functions & powers of government among three branches?

Answer 8

Montesquieu

Question 9

1st branch; writes laws; congress

Answer 9

Legislative

Question 10

2nd branch; executes/enforces laws the president

Answer 10

Executive

Question 11

3rd; interprets laws; supreme court

Answer 11

Judicial

Question 12

Who targeted corrupt officials & idle aristocrats by using satire?

Answer 12

Voltaire

Question 13

Who explained ideas of government, philosophy & religion?

Answer 13

Diderot

Question 14

Who believed that people were naturally good, but corrupted by evils of society?

Answer 14

Rosseau

Question 15

Rosseau believed that governmental control should be _______________.

Answer 15

Minimal and elected

Question 16

_______ were excluded from the social contract.

Answer 16

Women

Question 17

Physiocrats like Adam Smith rejected mercantilism & instead urged a policy of _________________.

Answer 17

Laissez-faire

Question 18

Laissez-faire means _________.

Answer 18

Hands off

Question 19

Who restricted access to information by burning books & imprisoning writers?

Answer 19

Government and church authorities

Question 20

What are informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, and philosophies exchange ideas?

Answer 20

Salons

Question 21

Who led one of the most famous salons?

Answer 21

Madame Geoffrin

Question 22

The _________ style was grand & ornate; colorful paintings, glorified battles, and saints

Answer 22

Baroque

Question 23

What art was lighter, elegant, & criticized by philosophers for superficiality?

Answer 23

Rococo

Question 24

What music emerged during the Enlightenment?

Answer 24

Classical

Question 25

Who began as a child prodigy & gained celebrity as a composer & performer?

Answer 25

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Question 26

Some absolute rulers used their _______ to bring about political & social change

Answer 26

Power

Question 27

Who reduced the use of torture & allowed a free press?

Answer 27

Frederick II

Question 28

Frederick II tolerated ______.

Answer 28

Religion

Question 29

Who granted rights to nobles & criticized serfdom, but did not intend to give up power?

Answer 29

Catherine the Great

Question 30

Joseph II of Austria supported religious equality for __________ __________, ended censorship, & briefly abolished serfdom.

Answer 30

Protestants & Jews

Question 31

Most Europeans remained peasants living in small _______ villages.

Answer 31

Rural

Question 32

An unchanging principle, discovered through reason governs human conduct.

Answer 32

Natural Law

Question 33

An agreement by which people gave up their freedom to a powerful government to avoid chaos

Answer 33

Social contract

Question 34

Rights that belong to all humans from birth, such as life, liberty, and property.

Answer 34

Natural rights

Question 35

French for “philosopher;” a French thinker who desired reform in society during the Enlightenment.

Answer 35

Philosophe

Question 36

Policy allowing businesses to operate with little or no government interference.

Answer 36

Laissez-faire

Question 37

Restriction on access to ideas & information.

Answer 37

Censorship

Question 38

Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophers, & others exchanged ideas.

Answer 38

Salons

Question 39

An ornate style of art & architecture popular in the 1600s & 1700s.

Answer 39

Baroque

Question 40

A personal, elegant style of art & architecture made popular during the mid-1700s that featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells, & flowers.

Answer 40

Rococo

Question 41

An absolute ruler who uses his or her power to bring about political & social change.

Answer 41

Enlightened despot

Question 42

A law passed in 1765 by the British Parliament that imposed taxes on items such as newspapers & pamphlets in the American colonies; was repealed in 1766.

Answer 42

Stamp Act

Question 43

An act in 1764 that taxed sugar imports was passed by King George III.

Answer 43

Sugar Act

Question 44

Limited government based on separation of powers & a system of checks and balances.

Answer 44

Popular sovereignty

Question 45

In December 1773, a handful of colonists hurled cargo of recently arrived British tea into the harbor to protest the tax on tea.

Answer 45

Boston Tea Party

Question 46

In March 1770, British soldiers in Boston opened fire on a crowd that was pelting them with stones and snowballs; five people died.

Answer 46

Boston Massacre

Question 47

Peace treaty made final in 1783 that ended the American Revolution

Answer 47

Treaty of Paris 1783

Question 48

Location allowed _____________ to control trade

Answer 48

England

Question 49

Who was on the winning side of European conflicts?

Answer 49

England

Question 50

What did Britain do to create the United Kingdom?

Answer 50

Expand territory

Question 51

Who set out to reassert royal power by choosing ministers, dissolving the cabinet, and controlling the parliament?

Answer 51

King George III

Question 52

The Sugar Act & Stamp Act imposed _______ taxes.

Answer 52

Import

Question 53

What act regulated colonial trade, but was not rigorously enforced?

Answer 53

The Navigation Act

Question 54

Who felt entitled to rights as English citizens?

Answer 54

Colonists

Question 55

At which historical event did British soldiers fire on a crowd of violent people?

Answer 55

Boston Massacre

Question 56

During which historical event did protestors throw British tea into the harbor?

Answer 56

Boston Tea Party

Question 57

What was the group of people called where colonial representatives met to decide what actions to take?

Answer 57

Continental Congress

Question 58

What included Locke’s idea that people have the right to revolt against unjust governments?

Answer 58

Declaration of Independence

Question 59

The Declaration of Independence was built on _____________________.

Answer 59

Popular sovereignty

Question 60

The Declaration of Independence was first adopted on ____________.

Answer 60

July 4, 1776

Question 61

During the American Revolution who had well-trained soldiers and used 1/3 of the American Loyalists?

Answer 61

British

Question 62

During the American Revolution who had the advantage of fighting on their own soil and George Washington?

Answer 62

Americans

Question 63

Who brought the Americans supplies, soldiers, and warships?

Answer 63

France

Question 64

____________ recognized the independence of U.S.A.

Answer 64

The Treaty of Paris 1783

Question 65

______________ met to replace the Articles of Confederation.

Answer 65

The Philadelphia Convention

Question 66

__________________ provided for an elected legislature and president.

Answer 66

A New Constitution (Constitution of the U.S.)

Question 67

The Constitution created a _________ republic, with power divided between the national & state level.

Answer 67

Federal

Question 68

_______________ recognized basic rights that the government must protect.

Answer 68

The Bill of Rights