HIS102 Test 2 Flashcards
Concert of Europe
Formed to make sure peace is ensured and that the provisions of the Congress of Vienna were upheld. It ensures political status quo and supposed to prevent revolutionary ideas.
Bizmarck
Chief architect of the unification of Germany. Did not believe in a liberal constitution. Afraid of nationalism. Makes the army into a modern, efficient war machine. Goes to war to gain territory so that he can build prestige of Prussia before unification.
Factory Acts
Labor laws dealing with inhuman conditions. First acts focused on children.
Dual Monarchy
Created by the Ausgleich (Compromise) of 1867 between Austria-Hungary; Holding the 2 states together was a single monarch - Francis Joseph was emperor of Austria and king of Hungary; allowed Austrians and Hungarians to dominate the minorities within the empire, mainly the Slavic peoples.
White Collar Workers
Part of the lower-middle class; jobs were clerks, teachers; Came about in 2nd industrial revolution. Most jobs were filled by women.
Cavour
He is the architect of Italian unification. Master of realpolitik; use of violence and persuasion through words. He disliked absolutism; believed in a parliamentary constitutional gov’t, which led Italians to believe in it and made it influential and powerful militarily wise.
Daimler
He was a German pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development. He invented the high-speed petrol engine and the first four-wheel automobile.
Metternich
Austrian and host of the Vienna Congress; played biggest role in negotiations. Believed that gov’t should be ruled by conservative monarchs. Hated liberalism. Hated the French philosophes and their ideas. Disliked constitutional gov’t. Wanted to act as the restorer of the old regime throughout Europe. Was a noble who liked having the monarchy in charge. Knows that alliances are necessary for power. Wants to align with Russia, Prussia, and France. Wants to place Austria in the middle of all of it and become powerful.
Florence Nightingale
A nurse during the Crimean War who established strict rules on sanitation within hospitals that saved many lives. She helped make nursing a profession of trained, middle-classed women. Founder of modern nursing. Known as “the lady with the lamp”.
Luddites
They were out of jobs because of machines; worker group organizes and speak out against the machines. If they destroy the machines, they can get their jobs back. That does not work.
Realpolitik
“Politics of reality”; Bases on practical concerns rather than theory or ethics. It is tough minded realism aimed at strengthening the state tightening social order. Those who believed in it will go to lengths to make sure it is achieved, including violence.
Kulturkampf
“culture conflict”; The name given to Bismarck’s attack on the Catholic Church in Germany, which has come to refer to conflict between church and state anywhere.
Contagious Disease Acts
Gave English authorities the right examine prostitutes for venereal diseases. Hookers who were found to be infected were confined for some time to institutions called “lock hospitals”, where they were given moral instruction. The acts were eventually repealed in 1886.
Reform Acts of 1832
This reform primarily benefited the upper middle class by giving them more vote in parliament. The industrial middle class had been joined to the landed interestes in ruling Britain. This act also disenfranchised 56 rotten boroughs and enfranchised 42 new new towns and cities.
Lord Byron
The stereotypical romantic poet of the time. Wrote Don Juan. Lived well above his means. Love affairs with rich women. Bi-sexual. Child with half-sister. Eventually pissed off so many that he had to escape the authorities that were after him.
