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Neurobiology > Hirsch - Brain Structure > Flashcards

Hirsch - Brain Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Navigating the body

A 
rostral
caudal
dorsal
ventral
medial
lateral
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2
Q

rostral

A

anterior

towards the nose

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3
Q

caudal

A

posterior

towards the tail or rear

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4
Q

dorsal

A

superficial

towards the back

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5
Q

ventral

A

inferior

towards the belly

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6
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

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7
Q

lateral

A

towards the side

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8
Q

Nervous system

A

CNS

PNS

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9
Q

CNS

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
spinal cord

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10
Q

PNS

A

somatic

visceral

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11
Q

somatic

A

voluntary

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12
Q

visceral

A

autonomic

ex. organs

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13
Q

Gross Anatomical appearance of the brain

A

know anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral, lateral (right/left) views of a brain

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14
Q

non-neural trappings of the brain - connective tissues

A

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater
ventricles

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15
Q

dura mater

A

hard mother
leathery membrane
exterior anchored to cranium / interior to the pia

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16
Q

pia mater

A

soft mother
film
capillaries nourish the brain - meet metabolic demand of brain

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17
Q

arachnoid

A

spidery
network between dura and pia; attached to dura one side and pia on another side

  • sub arachnoid space (between pia and arachnoid) is filled with cerebro-spinal fluid which is a shock absorber
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18
Q

ventricles

A

brain spaces filled with cerebral spinal fluid

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19
Q

Divisions of the Central Nervous System

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Spinal cord

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20
Q

Forebrain

A

prosencephalon

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21
Q

midbrain

A

mesencephalon

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22
Q

hindbrain

A

rhombencephalon

23
Q

prosencephalon

A

telencephalon

diencephalon

24
Q

mesencephalon

A

Mesencephalon

25
Q

rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

26
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
etc

27
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
etc

28
Q

mesencephalon

A

tectum

etc.

29
Q

metencephalon

A

cerebellum
pons
etc

30
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

etc

31
Q

cerebral cortex

A 
hemisphere
lobe
cortex
gyrus
sulcus
fissure
32
Q

Hemisphere

A

right and left hemisphere

33
Q

lobe

A

chunk of cortex

divided by deep groove

34
Q

cortex

A

layers

cerebral cortex = neocortex, archicortex, paleocortex

35
Q

gyrus

A

ridge

36
Q

sulcus

A

groove, valley

37
Q

fissure

A

deep sulcus

38
Q

Surface anatomy - lateral view

- know names with picture

A 
(clockwise)
temporal lobe
brain stem
cerebellum
occipital lobe
calcarine sulcus (or fissure)
parietal lobe
central sulcus
frontal lobe
lateral sulcus (or fissure)
temporal lobe
39
Q

Surface anatomy - medial view

- know names with picture

A 
(clockwise, spiral- out to in)
medulla
pons
temporal lobe
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipitallobe
cerebellum
midbrain
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
thalamus
40
Q

brain tissue

A 
grey matter
white matter
nuclei
fascicles
penduncles
41
Q

grey matter

A

cell bodies

42
Q

white matter

A

myelinated axons (fibers); fatty sheet

43
Q

nuclei

A

roughly circumscribed groups of cell bodies

44
Q

fascicles

A

bundle of fibers

45
Q

peduncles

A

thick bundles of fibers connecting big parts of the brain to other big parts of the brain

46
Q

three orthogonal planes of a brain

A

coronal - crown; front and back
horizontal - looking to the horizon; up and down
sagittal; right and left

47
Q

Horsley-Clarke stereotaxic apparatus

A

use landmarks on the skull serve as reference points

latero-lateral (x) - sagittal
dorso-ventral (y) - coronal
rostro-caudal (z) - horizontal

48
Q

Talairach coordinate system

A

conceptually similar to the Horsley - Clarke system

49
Q

Localization of function

A

started as Phrenology - not true

50
Q

Phineas Gage

A

frontal lobe damage

51
Q

Broca

A

patient could not speak
utter one word “tan”
inferior frontal lobe

52
Q

Wernicke

A

superior temporal lobe

loss of ability to recognize words; unable to communicate

53
Q

motor homunculus

A

map of the body laid out over a specific region of the brain

54
Q

Brodmann

A

cytoarchitecture

different Brodmann areas correlate with different functions

Neurobiology (11 decks)

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