Hipertensi Flashcards

1
Q

Hipertensi

A

TD ≥140/90 mmHg
min. 2x pemeriksaan dalam waktu yang berbeda (interval 15 menit)

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2
Q

Klasifikasi Hipertensi Berdasarkan Etiologi (2)

A

Primer/Essensial
Sekunder

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3
Q

Hipertensi Primer/Essensial

A

→ Penyakit penyerta (-)
Idiopatik
Genetik

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4
Q

Hipertensi Sekunder

A

→ Penyakit penyerta (+)
CKD
Feokromositoma
Hipertiroid

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5
Q

Klasifikasi Hipertensi JNC VII/VIII

A
  • Normal
    <120 ATAU <80
  • Pre HT
    120-139 ATAU 80-89
  • HT 1
    140-159 ATAU 90-99
  • HT 2
    ≥160 ATAU ≥100
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6
Q

Tx Hipertensi (Golongan Obat)

A

ABCD
A → ACE-Inhibitor, ARB, a-blocker
B → B-blocker
C → Calcium Channel Blocker
D → Diuretik

Prazosin
Propanolol
→ Gampangan/non selektif

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7
Q

Tx Hipertensi (Golongan Obat): A

A

Cara kerja ACE-I dan ARB sama
→ tidak boleh kombinasi ACE-I dan ARB
→ Pilih ACE-I dulu

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8
Q

ACE-Inhibitor

A

-pril
Captopril, lisinopril, ramipril
ES: batuk → bradikinin↑ (neurotransmitter untuk batuk)

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9
Q

ARB

A

-tan
Candesartan, valsartan, losartan
ES: hipotensi ortostatik (TD turun akibat perubahan posisi)

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10
Q

a-blocker

A

-osin

  • Selektif
    → hanya TD↓
    Tamsulosin
  • Non Selektif
    → TD↓ dan dilatasi sal kencing → mis. pasien HT + BPH
    Prazosin
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11
Q

B-blocker

A

-ol

  • Selektif
    → hanya TD↓ → mis. pasien HT + Asma
    Atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol
  • Non Selektif
    → TD↓ dan spasme saluran napas
    Propanolol
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12
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker

A
  • DHP
    💡 Cebol-cebol botak → upin ipin
    -pin
    Amlodipin, nifedipin
  • Non DHP
    Verapamil, diltiazem → krisis HT
  • ES
    Edema
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13
Q

Diuretik

A
  • Thiazid
    Hidroklorothiazid → hipokalemi/hiponatremi
  • Loop diuretik
    Furosemid → hipokalemi/hiponatremi
  • Diuretik hemat kalium
    Spironolakton → hiperkalemi/hipernatremi
  • ES
    AU ↑, kol ↑, gangguan elektrolit
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14
Q

Pemilihan Anti HT (2)

A
  • Berdasarkan Ras
  • Secara Umum
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15
Q

Pemilihan Anti HT Berdasarkan Ras

A
  • Non-Black
    💡 T A C
    Thiazid
    ACE-i/ARB
    CCB
  • Black
    💡 T C
    Thiazid
    CCB
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16
Q

Pemilihan Anti HT Secara Umum (2)

A

Penyakit Penyerta (-)
Penyakit Penyerta (+)

17
Q

Pemilihan Anti HT Penyakit Penyerta (-)

A

💡 TAC

  • HT 1
    → Monoterapi
    1. Thiazid
    2. ACE-i/ARB
    3. CCB
  • HT 2
    → Kombinasi 2 obat
    Thiazid
    +
    1. ACE-i/ARB
    2. CCB
    3. B-blockter
18
Q

Pemilihan Anti HT Penyakit Penyerta (+)

A

💡 Sering ACE-i

  • DM/dislipidemia
    Penyakit Ginjal
    LVH
    CHF stabil
    ACE-i/ARB
  • CHF non stabil
    → overload (+)
    Diuretik
  • Atrial fibrilasi
    Angina pektoris
    B-blocker
  • BPH
    a-blocker
  • Hamil
    Metildopa, nifedipine
    KI: ACE-i/ARB → ES: agenesis renal janin
19
Q

Target Tx Hipertensi

A
  • Usia Muda <60 tahun
    ATAU
    Penyakitan (+) → sering DM/CKD
    TD <140/90 mmHg
  • Usia Tua ≥60 tahun
    DAN
    Sehat (+)
    → TD↑ wajar
    TD <150/90 mmHg