Hip pain in a child Flashcards
most common cause of sudden onset of hip pain in young children
Transient synovitis of the hip
how does Transient synovitis of the hip present?
Acute onset of limp with or without pain, reduced hip movements
potential painful areas in transient synovitis of hip?
pain in inner thigh, knee area instead of around hip
cause of transient synovitis of hip?
unknown however may occur following an URTI or gastroenteritis
prognosis for transient synovitis of the hip?
with rest & ibuprofen/paracetamol, should resolve in 3-4 days
follow up following transient synovitis of the hip?
x ray in 6 months time to confirm everything is ok
transient synovitis: more common in what gender and what age group?
boys & 4-8 year olds
acute onset of pain & non weight bearing & extreme pain on movement & local signs of redness & heat
septic arthritis & osteomyelitis
Perthes disease age and gender demographic
boys & 4-8 year olds
presentation of perthes disease?
gradual onset of limp, can be painless
what causes perths disease?
avascular necrosis of femoral head due to interruption of blood flow to the femoral epiphysis
early x ray changes in perthes disese?
- widening of joint space
- later –> decreased femoral head size/flattening
what condition can cause early onset of OA
perthes disease
age and gender demographics of SUFE
boys & 10 years old
risk factors for SUFE
- overweight
- hypothyroidism
presentation of SUFE
sudden onset of pain & non weight bearing
OR
gradual onset of vague pain that may be referred to the knee & limp
what causes SUFE?
proximal femoral growth plate becoming unstable and the epiphysis & diaphysis can slip
hip pathology more common in girls?
developmental dysplasia of the hip is 6 times more common in females
when is developmental dysplasia usually detected
at birth
what happens in developmental dysplasia of the hip?
ball and socket of the hip joint does not properly form in babies and young children
risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip
- 1st born child
- breech presentation
- birth weight greater than 5 kg
- positive family history
signs of developmental dysplasia of the hip
- assymetrical skin folds
- leg length discrepencies
- buttock flattening
- walking with the affected leg in external rotation
when to suspect juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
child with a warm hot swollen joint lasting over 8 weeks with pain worse on waking up in the morning, no fever or systemic symptoms
what is stills disease
rare cause of inflammatory arthritis associated with salmon-pink, maculopapular rash
what causes testicular torsion
age incidence peaks
twist of the spermatic cord resulting in testicular ischaemia & necrosis
13-15 years old
what is the end of a long bone called?
epiphysis
what is the name of the shaft of the bone
diaphysis
