Hip Fractures

Question 1

2 classifications of hip fractures

Answer 1

Intracapsular (proximal to intertrochanteric line)
Extracapsular (distal to intertrochanteric line)

Question 2

2 types of intracapsular fracture

Answer 2

Sub-capital
Transcervical
Both can also be displaced or un-displaced

Question 3

What artery is at risk from intracapsular fracture and what will this cause

Answer 3

Medial femoral circumflex artery -> ANV of femoral head and non-union

Question 4

What classification system is used for intracapsular fractures

Answer 4

Garden Classification types I-IV

Question 5

What is type I garden fracture

Answer 5

Incomplete fracture/ valgus impacted

Question 6

What is type II garden fracture

Answer 6

Complete fracture NO displacement

Question 7

What is type III garden fracture

Answer 7

Complete fracture with partial displacement

Question 8

What is type IV garden fracture

Answer 8

Complete fracture with total displacement

Question 9

What are the 4 types of extracapsular fracture

Answer 9

Intertrochanteric
Subtrochanteric
Basi cervical
Reverse oblique

Question 10

What investigations are completed for hip fractures

Answer 10

1. X-ray ‘Gold standard’, identifies most fractures
2. MRI if fracture invisible on AP & lateral X-ray as undisplaced

Question 11

Surgical management of intracapsular high functioning individual fractures

Answer 11

If displaced = total hip replacement
If un-displaced = Cannulated screw fixation

Question 12

Surgical management of intracapsular low functioning individual fractures

Answer 12

Hemiarthroplasty

Question 13

Surgical management of extracapsular intertrochanteric fracture

Answer 13

Dynamic hip screw