Hip Exam Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip
Ball and socket joint
What three ligaments are involved in the hip joint
Iliopubic
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
What kind of hip dislocation is most common
Posterior
What muscles internally rotate the hip
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Gracilis
What muscles externally rotate the hip
Gluteus Maximus
Lateral rotators: Superior gemellus Inferior gemellus Obturator internus Obturator externus Piriformis Quadratus femoris
What muscles abduct the hip
Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Medius
Assist:
Piriformis
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
What muscles extend the hip
Gluteus maximus Hamstrings: - Semimembranosus - Semitendinosus - Biceps femoris Adductor Magnus
What muscles adduct the hip
Adductor Magnus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Gracilis
What muscles flex the hip
Iliopsoas muscle (psoas major & iliacus) Rectus femoris
What do assess during gait
Gait cycle
Symmetry and turning
Any signs of discomfort
What do you inspect for on general observation
front
Side
Behind
front:
Scars
Pelvic tilt
Quadriceps wasting
Side:
Lumbar lordosis
Knee flexion
foot arches
Behind:
Scoliosis
Iliac crest alignment
Gluteal muscle bulk
What do you assess during palpation of the tissue around hip joint
Tenderness and warmth
What can tenderness on palpation of the greater trochanter suggest
Trochanteric bursitis
What is normal ROM of hip flexion
120 degrees
What is normal ROM of internal hip rotation
40 degrees
What is normal ROM of external hip rotation
45 degrees
What is normal ROM of hip adduction
30 degrees
What is normal ROM of hip abduction
45 degrees
What is normal ROM of hip extension
10 - 20 degrees
What is a positive Thomas’ test and what does it indicate
If the contralateral leg raises of the bed it is a positive sign
This suggests there is a fixed flexion deformity in the affected hip
What is a positive Trendelenbergs Sign
If the pelvis drops of the side of the lifted leg it indicates weak hip abductors on the contralateral side of the pelvis
What is a positive sign in straight leg test
If there is a shooting pain down the back of the patients leg when you passively raise it
What further examinations could you do to complete findings
Spine examination
Knee examination
Lower limb neurovascular examination
Review any available imaging
