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Clinical Skills > Elbow Exam > Flashcards

Elbow Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones and joints involved in the elbow

A

Humerus
Ulna
Radius

Humeroulnar joint
Humeroradial joint
Proximal radioulnar joint

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2
Q

What nerves are at risk in the arm

A

The radial nerve - tracks along the back of the humerus (risk of injury during mid shaft fracture)

The ulna nerve - runs behind the medial epicondyle (funny bone)

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3
Q

What muscles attach to the medial epicondyle

A

Pronator teres

flexors of the anterior forearm

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4
Q

What muscles attach onto the lateral epidcondyle

A

Supinator

Common extensors of the elbow/wrist

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5
Q

What are the ligaments attached to the elbow

A

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Anular ligament

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6
Q

Where are the bursa in the elbow

A

Deep (subtendinous) olecranon bursa

Intratendinous olecranon bursa

Superficial (subcutaneous) olecranon bursa

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7
Q

What do you look for in general inspection of the elbow
front
Side
Behind

A

front, side and back:
Scars
Swelling
Erythema

Side:
fixed flexion deformities

Behind:
Rheumatoid Nodules - firm lumps under the skin
Psoriatic Plaques - Dry skin lesions (plaques) covered in scales

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8
Q

What is the normal carrying angle

A

Men: 5-15 degrees
Women: 10-25 degrees

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9
Q

What is normal ROM of elbow flexion

A

145 degrees

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10
Q

What is normal ROM of elbow extension

A

0 degrees

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11
Q

What is normal ROM of pronation

A

85 degrees

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12
Q

What is normal ROM of supination

A

90 degrees

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13
Q

What does wrist flexion against resistance highlight

A

Medial epicondylitis (Golfer’s elbow)

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14
Q

What does wrist extension against resistance highlight

A

Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow)

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15
Q

What does an abnormal carrying angle indicate

A

Increased angle = Cubitus Valgus

Decreased angle = Cubitus Varus

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16
Q

What muscles are involved in pronation of the forearm

A

Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Brachioradialis muscles

17
Q

What muscles are involved in supination of the forearm

A

Supinator

Biceps brachii

18
Q

What exams can you do to finalise findings

A

Shoulder and wrist joint

Neurovascular assessment of the upper limb

Clinical Skills (14 decks)

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