Hip Dysplasia Flashcards
Define hip dysplasia
Complex disease which has been defined as a varying degree of hip laxity, permitting subluxation during early life.
What does hip dysplasia give rise to, which inevitably leads to OA?
Remodeling of acetabulum and femoral head.
There is a direction correlation between what and the development of OA ?
Hip laxity
Which breed type has a low incidence of hip dysplasia?
Sight hounds
Dog Breeds most commonly affected by hip dysplasia? (5)
GSD
Rottweiler
Golden retriever
Labrador
Saint bernard
(Mostly larger breeds)
Cat breeds pre disposed to HD? (3)
Persian
Devon rex
Maine Coon
What is the sex pre disposition to HD?
There isnt one
What genetic trait is HD?
Polygenic
What environment factors influence HD? (5)
Weight
Growth rate
Nutrition
Muscle mass
hormones
What is the heritability range of HD?
0.2-0.6
True or false
At birth all canine hip joints are normal?
True: but they develop abnormally based on the genetics of the dog and environmental influences.
What happens within the hip joint anatomically to create the abnormal HD? (4)
- Loss of joint congruency
- Stretch of ligament of head of femur
- Loss of dorsal acetabular rim
- Subluxation of femoral head
Following the stretch of the joint capsule; what des this lead to? (4)
- Further subluxation and therefore additional remodelling of dorsal acetabular rim + femoral head + articular cartilage degeneration
How does the femoral head become mis shapen with HD?
Acetabulum infills with bone
Femoral neck thickens
Acetabulum = shallower
Femoral head becomes mis shapen
What happens at skeletal maturity which makes the hip joint more stable? (2)
Joint capsule thicken
Improved muscle mass
What causes pain with HD in younger dogs? (5)
Joint laxity
Stretching or tearing of joint capsule
Stretch or tear of ligaments
Stretch or tear of muscle
Microfracture of dorsal acetabular rim
What causes pain with HD in older dogs?
OA
Is HD mono or biphasic?
Monophasic - progresses throughout life
Is bunny hopping seen with HD in immature dogs (4-12mo) or mature dogs (>12mo)?
Immature
Are behaviour changes seen with HD in immature dogs (4-12mo) or mature dogs (>12mo)?
Mature
Is rarely acute lameness Is bunny hopping seen with HD in immature dogs (4-12mo) or mature dogs (>12mo)?
Mature
Is Pelvic swaying when walking seen with HD in immature dogs (4-12mo) or mature dogs (>12mo)?
Immature
Is inactivity stiffness seen with HD in immature dogs (4-12mo) or mature dogs (>12mo)?
Mature
Is apparent weakness of pelvic limbs seen with HD in immature dogs (4-12mo) or mature dogs (>12mo)?
Immature