General Knowledge

Question 1

The hock consists of how many joints?

Answer 1

6

Question 2

Medial tarsal arthrodesis plates for dogs are angled at ?

Answer 2

130 degrees

Question 3

Coxofemoral luxations are most commonly caused by?

Answer 3

Trauma

Question 4

Clinical signs of acute traumatic rupture of the cranial cruciate ligaments are

• Stifle hyperflexion
• Mild lameness
• Marked joint effusion
• External tibial rotation

Answer 4

• Marked joint effusion

Question 5

The caudal cruciate ligament is

• Shorter than the cranial cruciate ligament
• Prevents cranial tibial translation
• Limits external tibial rotation
• Limits stifle hyperextension

Answer 5

• Limits stifle hyperextension

Question 6

What percentage of dogs develop osteoarthritis after coxofemoral luxation?

Answer 6

55%

Question 7

When performing a femoral head and neck excision, the femoral neck is transected:

A) From the cranial aspect of intertrochanteric fossa to the lesser trochanter.

B) From the caudal aspect of intertrochanteric fossa to the greater trochanter.

C) From the cranial aspect of intertrochanteric fossa to the greater trochanter.

D) From the caudal aspect of intertrochanteric fossa to the lesser trochanter.

Answer 7

B) From the caudal aspect of intertrochanteric fossa to the greater trochanter.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding avascular necrosis of the femoral head is correct?
Question 3Select one:

A) The lameness is usually only mild.

B) In the majority of patients the condition is bilateral.

C) Males are more commonly affected than females.

D) Young dogs between 4 and 11 months old are affected.

Answer 8

D) Young dogs between 4 and 11 months old are affected.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding juvenile pubic symphysiodesis is correct?

A) It stops endochondral ossification of the pubic symphysis.

B) It is most effective in puppies between 16-20 weeks of age.

C) It is most effective in dogs with severe coxofemoral laxity.

D) It is performed after clinical signs have developed.

Answer 9

A) It stops endochondral ossification of the pubic symphysis.

Question 10

What is the success rate of hip toggle rod stabilisation?

Answer 10

Up to 90%

Question 11

When performing an extraarticular iliofemoral suture repair…

A) a hole is drilled from lateral to medial in the ilium just caudal to the acetabulum.

B) a capsulorrhaphy is not required.

C) a second hole is drilled from caudal to cranial through the femur just proximal to the insertion of the gluteal muscles at the tip of the greater trochanter.

D) a cranio-lateral approach to the hip joint is performed

Answer 11

D) a cranio-lateral approach to the hip joint is performed

Question 12

In the normal animal, the femoral head and neck are inclined by:

Answer 12

130-145

Question 13

In the normal animal, the femoral long axis is anteverted by:

Answer 13

12-40

Question 14

At what age are double or triple pelvic osteotomies best performed?

Answer 14

<10 monthts

Question 15

How many named bones are forming the tarsus?

Answer 15

7

Question 16

To perform a pantarsal arthrodesis using a medial plate, screws are placed in which bones?

Answer 16

Distal tibia, talus and 4th tarsal bone

Question 17

Major complications after partial tarsal arthrodesis are most commonly caused by:

Answer 17

Implant failure

Question 18

Malleolar fractures are best stabilised with:

Answer 18

Pins and tension band wire

Question 19

Isolated dorsal subluxations of the tarsal joint:
A) Should be best treated with arthrodesis of the intertarsal joint.

B) Carry a good prognosis.

C) Should be best treated with arthrodesis of the tarsometatarsal joint.

D) Should be best treated with arthrodesis of the tarsocrural joint.

Answer 19

B) Carry a good prognosis.

Question 20

What is the prognosis of dogs diagnosed with tarsal OCD?

Answer 20

Guarded

Question 21

OCD of the talus most often affects:
A) The caudomedial ridge of the talus.
B) The craniolateral ridge of the talus.
C) The caudolateral ridge of the talus.
D) The craniomedial ridge of the talus.

Answer 21

A) The caudomedial ridge of the talus.

Question 22

Indications for pantarsal (tarsocrural joint) arthrodesis include:

A) Achilles (CCT) tendon rupture

B) Calcaneal fracture

C) Tarsometatarsal joint luxation

D) Central tarsal bone luxation

Answer 22

A) Achilles (CCT) tendon rupture

Question 23

Which of the following injuries is to be expected in a type 2b Achilles tendon rupture?

A) Musculotendinous rupture

B) Common calcanean tendon rupture with intact paratenon

C) Avulsions of the tendon of insertion of gastrocnemius with intact SDFT

D) Tendinopathy

Answer 23

B) Common calcanean tendon rupture with intact paratenon

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding the anatomy of the cranial cruciate ligament is correct?

A) The craniomedial band is taut in stifle flexion but not in extension.

B) The caudolateral band is taut in stifle flexion and extension.

C) The craniomedial band is taut in stifle flexion and extension.

D) The caudolateral band is taut in stifle flexion but not in extension.

Answer 24

C) The craniomedial band is taut in stifle flexion and extension.

Question 25

What percentage of the meniscus has blood supply originating from the synovium?

Answer 25

The peripheral 15-25% of the menisci.

Question 26

Anatomical deformities commonly present in medial patellar luxation are: A) Internal femoral torsion B) Genu varum C) Coxa valga D) Lateral bowing of the distal femur (distal femoral valgus)

Answer 26

B) Genu varum

Question 27

Which of the following techniques is considered to be an intra-capsular stabilisation technique? A) Tight rope. B) Replacement of the cranial cruciate ligament with an allograft. C) Placement of bone anchors to replace the cranial cruciate ligament. D) Fibular head transposition.

Answer 27

B) Replacement of the cranial cruciate ligament with an allograft.

Question 28

Anatomical deformities present in lateral patellar luxation are: A) Genu valga B) Medial bowing of the distal femur (distal femoral varus) C) External femoral torsion D) Coxa vara

Answer 28

A) Genu valga

Question 29

The prognosis following surgery in dogs with grade 2 medial patella luxations is:

Answer 29

Good

Question 30

Which of the following statements is correct? A) A positive tibial compression test is always indicative of full rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. B) The tibial compression test is less sensitive at detecting partial tears than the cranial drawer test. C) The tibial compression test is more sensitive at detecting full tears than the cranial drawer test. D) The tibial compression test may cause more pain than the cranial drawer test

Answer 30

B) The tibial compression test is less sensitive at detecting partial tears than the cranial drawer test.

Question 31

A second degree sprain is classified as:

Answer 31

Moderate stretching with some tearing of fibres causing moderate instability.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is correct? A) The intact caudolateral band is taut in extension but lax during flexion. B) The intact craniomedial band is taut in extension but lax in flexion. C) The intact caudolateral band is taut in flexion but lax during extension. D) The intact craniomedial band is taut in flexion but lax in extension.

Answer 32

A) The intact caudolateral band is taut in extension but lax during flexion.

Question 33

Consequences of Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis are a) Increased acetabular ventroversion b) Decreased acetablular ventroversion c) Increased acetabular anteversion d) Decreased acetabular anteversion

Answer 33

a) Increased acetabular ventroversion

Question 34

Bilateral coxofemoral luxation occurs in a) 10% b) 20% c) 30% d) 40%

Answer 34

a) 10%

Question 35

Which of the following symptoms occurs in patients with caudal luxation of the hip joint a) Internal rotation of the affected limb b) Abduction of the affected limb c) Shortening of the affected limb d) Crepitus

Answer 35

b) Abduction of the affected limb

Question 36

Bilateral cruciate disease occurs in a) Approximately 10% of patients b) Approximately 30% of patients c) Approximately 50% of patients d) Approximately 70% of patients

Answer 36

c) Approximately 50% of patients

Question 37

The cranial cruciate ligament a) Limits internal tibial rotation b) Limits external tibial rotation c) Limits internal femoral rotation d) Limits external femoral rotation

Answer 37

b) Limits external tibial rotation