Hip Conditions

Question 1

Surgical option for a displaced sub capital fracture?

Answer 1

Hemiarthroplasty

Question 2

Inter-trochanteric and basocervical surgical option

Answer 2

Dynamic hip screw

Question 3

Non-displaced intra-capsular surgical option?

Answer 3

Cannulated hip screw

Question 4

Sub-trochanteric surgical option

Answer 4

Intra-medullary nail

Question 5

What are some common complications following femoral shaft fractures?

Answer 5

Nerve injury or vascular injury
Mal-union
Infection
Fat embolism

Question 6

What is a Morel-Lavallee lesion?

Answer 6

Internal degloving injury
Skin and subcutaneous tissues are abruptly separated from the underlying fascia due to trauma
Potential space is produced superficial to the fascia that is then filled with fluid

Question 7

What is the gold-standard imaging for an acetabular fracture?

Answer 7

CT imaging

Question 8

What is a Hoffa fracture?

Answer 8

Specific type of type B articular distal fracture
Fracture of posterior aspect of the femoral condyles in the coronal plane
Fragments are more commonly Unicondylar affecting the lateral femoral condyle

Question 9

Causes of radiculopathy

Answer 9

Infection
Fracture
Malignancy
Metastatic disease

Question 10

What is a throacolumbar wedge fracture

Answer 10

Fracture-dislocation

Question 11

What is a thoracolumbar burst fracture?

Answer 11

Retropulsion of bone into spinal canal from compression injury

Question 12

What is a thoracolumbar chance fracture?

Answer 12

From excessive flexion of spine, all three spinal columns, abdominal injury

Question 13

What are clinical features of cauda equina?

Answer 13

• Reduces lower limb sensation
• Bladder (pelvis splanchnic nerves, S2-4 PNS) or bowel dysfunction
• Fecal incontinenc S2-4
• Lower limb motor weakness
• Severe back pain
• Impotence (pudendal nerve S2-4)
• Perianal numbness (S4)
• Lower limb anaesthesia
• Urinary retention (sural nerve)
• Lower limb weakness and hyporeflexia

Question 14

Young man with lower back pain, which radiates to buttocks which is worse in morning
Stiffness improves with exercise

Answer 14

Ankylosis spondylitis

HLA-B27

Question 15

Causes of spinal stenosis

Answer 15

Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy
Facet joinT arthropathy
Disc prolapse

Question 16

What infection is common in IV drug users

Answer 16

Pseudomonas

Question 17

What is a common infection in sickle cell disease patients?

Answer 17

Salmonella