Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ESHE 201 > Hip and Shoulder > Flashcards

Hip and Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Quadriceps contusions

A

Cause: constant exposed to traumatic blows

Signs: pain, loss of function, bleeding in affected muscles

Care: RICE, NSAIDS, crutches for severe cases, isometric quad contractions as soon as tolerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Myositis Ossifications

A

Cause: formation of ectopic bone following repeated blunt force trauma

Signs: x-rays show calcium deposis; pain, weakness, swelling, decreased ROM, tissue tention and point tenderness

Care: conservative treatment, surgery if too painful and restricting of ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Quadriceps muscle strain

A

Cause: sudden stretch when falling on bent knee or sudden contraction; associated w/ weakend or over constricted muscle

Signs: peripheral tear causes fewer symptoms than deeper tear; pain, point tenderness, spasm, loss of function, discoloration

Care: fit for crutches; rest, ice, compression; determine extent of injury early; neoprene sleeve to provide support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hamstring muscle strains

A

Cause: hamstring/quad contract together; change in role from hip extender to knee flexor; fatigue, posture, leg length discrepancy, lack of flexibility, strength imbalances

Signs: muscle belly or point of attatchmet pain; capillary hemorrhage, pain, loss of function, discoloration

Grade 1: soreness during movement and point tenderness

Grade 2: partial tear, identified by snap or tear, severe pain, loss of function

Grade 3: rupturing of tendinous or muscular tissure

Care: RICE, restrict activity, avoid ballistic stretching/explosive sprinting initially; fit for crutches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Groin strain

A

Cause: difficult to diagnose; early in season due to poor strength/flexibility; from running, jumping, twisting w/ hip external rotation or sever

Signs: sudden twinge or tearing during active movement, produce pain, weakness, and internal hemorrhaging

Care: RICE, NSAID, determine muscle(s) involved, rest, refer out if extreme, fit for crutches if necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hip Joint sprains

A

Cause: result of violent twist due to forceful contact, force form opponent/object or trunk forced over planted foot in opposite direction

Signs: inability to circumduct hip, pain in hip region, w/ hip rotation increasing pain

Care: x-rays/MRI should be ruled out, RICE, NSAIDS and anlgesics, crutches based on severity,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Piriformis Syndrome

A

Cause: compression of sciatic nerve; irritation due to tightness/spasm of muscle; may mimic sciatica

Signs: pain, numbness and tingling in butt- may extend below knee into foot; pain increases following periods of sitting, climbing stairs, walking, or running

Care: stretching, massae, NSAIDS, cessation of aggrivating activities, corticosteroid injections, surgery (possibly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Legg Calve’-Perthes Disease

A

Cause: avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children 4-10; articular cartilage becomes necrotic and flattens

Signs: pain in groin referred to abdomen/knee; limping; varying onsets and exhibited limited ROM

Care: bed rest to reduce chronic condition, brace to avoid weight bearing, early treatment may reossify and revascularize

Complication: if not treated, will result in ill-shaping and osteoarthritis in later life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

A

Cause: may be growth hormone related, 25% of cases seen in both hips, epiphysis slips from femoral head in backwards direction due to weakened growth plate, may occure during elevated growth

Signs: pain in groin, hip and knee pain during passive and active motion, limitations of abduction, flexion, medial rotation, and a limp

Management: w/ minor slippage, rest and non-weight bearing may prevent further slippage, major displacement requires surgery, if undetected or surgery fails- severe problems result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Iliac Crest Contusion (hip pointer)

A

Cause: contusion of iliac crest or abdominal musculature; result of direct blow

Signs: pain, spasm, & transitory paralysis of soft structures; decreased rotation of trunk or thigh/hip flexion due to pain

Care: RICE for at least 48 hrs, NSAIDS; bed rest 1-2 days; refer out for x-rays, padding work to minimize chance of added injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Avulsion Fractures

A

Cause: avulsions seen in sports w/ sudden accelerations/decelerations; pulling of tendon away and off bony insertion; common sites include ASIS (sartorius) AIIS (rectus femoris attachment) ishical tuberosity (hamstring)

Signs: sudden localized pain w/ limited movement; pain, swelling, point tenderness

Care: rest, limited activity and graduated exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint (SC Joint)

A

between sternum and clavicle

allows for rotation during shrugs and reaching above the head

Supported by 4 Ligaments: anterior and posterior SC ligament, costoclavicular ligament, interclavicular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint (AC Joint)

A

between acromion process and clavicle

limited motion

supported Primarily by AC ligament

Secondarily by coracoacromial and coracoclavicular ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glenohumeral Joint (GH Joint)

A

“true” shoulder joint

Glenoid Fossa of the scapula -VERY shallow

head of the humerus (3-4 x larger than glenoid)

Lacking in boney stability

deepened by miniscus structure - Glenoid Labrum: adds stability to joint

Stabilized by two types of stabilizers:

1) Static: joint capsule and several GH ligaments
2) Dynamic: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bursa of the shoulder

A

subacronial (clinically most important)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nerve supply of the shoulder

A

Brachial Plexus (c5-t1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Blood supply of shoulder

A

subclavian and axillary artery

18
Q

Shoulder Flexion

A

Anterior Deltoid and Pectoralis Major

19
Q

Shoulder Extension

A

Posterior Deltoid

20
Q

Shoulder Abduction

A

Supraspinatus and Middle Deltoid

21
Q

Shoulder Adduction

A

Pectoralis Major and Latissimus Dorsi

22
Q

Shoulder Internal Rotation

A

Anterior Deltoid and Subscapularis

23
Q

Shoulder External Rotation

A

Infraspinatus and Teres Minor

24
Q

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction/Flexion

A

Anterior Deltoid

25
Shoulder Horizontal Abduction/Extension
Posterior Deltoid
26
Scapula Movements
Elevation, Depression, Protraction, and Retraction
27
Throwing Motion: Windup/Cocking Phase
shoulders abduct, externally rotate, and horizontally abduct
28
Throwing Motion: Acceleration Phase
Max external rotation until ball release Humerus adducts, horizontally adducts, internally rotates Scapula elevates and abducts, rotates upward
29
Throwing Motion: Deceleration Phase
Ball release until max shoulder internal rotation Eccentric contraction of external rotators to decelerate humerus while rhomboids decelerate scapula
30
Clavicular Fractures
Cause: FOOSH, fall on tip of shoulder or direct impact; primarily in middle third, greenstick fracture occurs in young athletes Signs: supporting of arm, head, tilted towards injured side w/ chin turned away; clavicle may appear lower; palpation reveals pain, swelling, deformity, and point tenderness Care: Closed reduction- sling and swathe, immobilize w/ figure 8 brace 6-8 weeks, removal of brace followed by mobes, isometrics, and sling for 3-4 weeks
31
Sternoclavicular Sprain
Cause: indirect force, blunt trauma (may cause displacement) Signs: Grade 1: pain and slight disability Grade 2: pain, subluxation w/ deformity, swelling and point tenderness w/ decreased ROM Grade 3: Gross deformity (dislocation) pain, swelling, decreased ROM Care: PRICE, immobilization (3-5 weeks) followed by graded reconditioning
32
Acromioclavicular Sprain
Cause: direct blow (from any direction) upward force from humerus, FOOSH Signs: Grade 1: point tenderness and pain w/ movement; no disruption of AC joint Grade 2: tear or rupture of AC ligament, partial displacement of lateral end of clavicle; pain, point tenderness and decreased ROM (abd/add) Grade 3: Rupture of AC and CC ligaments w/ dislocation of clavicle; gross deformity (step deformity); + Piano Key Test, pain, loss of function, and instability Care: ice, stabilization, referral to physician aggressive rehab required with all grades
33
Glenohumeral Dislocations
Cause: Head of humerus forced out of joint; anterior dislocation is result of anterior force on shoulder, forced abduction, extension, and external rotation; occasionally dislocation will occur inferiorly (Hill-Sachs Lesion vs Bankart Lesion vs SLAP tear) Signs: flattened deltoid, prominent humeral head in axilla; arm carried in slight abduction/external rotation; moderate/severe pain and disability Care: RICE, immobilization and reduction by physician
34
Hill-Sachs Lesion
Damage to the humeral head seen via x-ray can be associated with shoulder dislocation
35
Bankart Lesion
Inferior labral tear can be associated with shoulder dislocation
36
SLAP Tears
Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior tear
37
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Cause: mechanical compression of supraspinatus tendon, glenoid labrum, subacromial bursa, and long head of biceps tendon due to decreased space under coracoacromial ligament Signs: Diffuse pain, pain on palpation of subacromial space; decreased strength of external rotators compared to internal rotators; tightness in posterior and inferior capsule; positive Neer and Hawkins Kennedy test Care: restore normal biomechanics to maintain space, strengthening of rotator cuff and scapula stabilizing muscles; stretching of posterior and inferior joint capsule
38
Rotator Cuff Tear
involves supraspinatus or rupture of other rotator cuff tendons; occurs near insertion on greater tuberosity; full thickness tears usually occur in athletes w/ history of impingement/instability Signs: present w/ pain w/ muscle contraction; tenderness on palpation and loss of strength due to pain; loss of function, swelling; complete tear- empty can and impingement tests show + signs Care: RICE, progressive strengthening of rotator cuff
39
Shoulder Bursitis
Etiology: chronic inflammatory condition due to trauma or overuse- subacromial bursa; may develop from direct impact or fall on tip of shoulder Signs: pain w/ motion and tenderness during palpation in subacronial space; positive impingement tests Management/Care: cold packs and NSAIDs to reduce inflammation
40
Bicipital Tendonitis
Cause: repetitive overhead athletes- balistic activity that involves repeated stretching of biceps tendon causing irritation to the tendon and sheath Signs: tenderness over bicipital groove, swelling, crepitus due to inflammation; pain when performing overhead activities; pain w/ Yerguson's test Care: rest and ice for inflammation, NSAIDs, gradual program of strengthening and stretching
41
Prevention of Thigh Injuries
Thigh must have maximum strength, endurance, and extensibility to withstand strain dynamic stretching programs may aid in muscle preparation for activity Strengthening programs can also help in preventing injuries; squats, lunges, leg press, core strengthening
42
Prevention of Shoulder Injuries
proper physical conditioning, develop body and specific regions relative to sport, warm-up should be used before explosive arm movements are attempted, contact and collision sport athletes should receive proper instruction on falling, protective equipment, mechanics versus overuse injuries

ESHE 201 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions