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OS Exam 2 > Hip and Knee > Flashcards

Hip and Knee Flashcards

1
Q
  • What are the landmarks when examining the hip?
A
  • Iliac Crest
  • ASIS
  • Greater Trochanter
  • Pubic Tubercle
  • PSIS
  • Ischial Tuberosity
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2
Q
  • What is normal ROM for the hip?
A
  • Flexion: 90 (knee straight), 120-135 (knee flexed)
  • Extension: 15-30
  • Internal rotation: 30-40
  • External rotation: 40-60
  • ABduction: 45-50
  • ADduction: 20-30
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3
Q
  • What two deep tendon reflexes are there for lower extremity?
  • Which spinal nerve roots do they test?
A
  • Patellar tendon reflex (L3/L4)
  • Achilles tendon reflex (S1)
    *
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4
Q
  • What is a normal reflex value?
  • What ranges are used for reflex values?
A
  • +2/4
  • 0/4: No response
  • 1/4: Somewhat diminished, low normal
  • 2/4: Average, normal
  • 3/4: Brisker than average
  • 4/4: Brisk, hyperactive with clonus
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5
Q
  • What are the sensory/dermatome anatomical landmarks?
A
  • C4- Top of shoulder
  • C6-Radial aspect of forearm
  • C8-5th digit
  • T4- Nipple Line
  • T10-Umbilicus
  • L5-Great toe
  • S1-Posterolateral calf/little toe
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6
Q
  • What is the chief flexor of the thigh?
  • What innervates it?
A
  • Illiopsoas m.
  • Femoral n. (L2-L4)
  • Ventral rami of lumbars (L1-L2)
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7
Q
  • What is the chief extensor of the thigh?
  • What innervates it?
A
  • Gluteus maximus m.
  • Inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)
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8
Q
  • What is responsible for ABduction of the thigh?
  • What innervates these muscles?
A
  • Gluteus medius m. and gluteus minimus m.
  • Superior gluteal n. (L5,S1)
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9
Q
  • What muscles are responsible for ADduction of the thigh?
  • What nerve innervates these muscles?
A
  • Adductor longus
  • Obturator n. (L2-L4)
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10
Q
  • Where are palpable pulses on the lower extremity?
  • What are the normal pulse strengths?
A
  • Femoral
  • Popliteal
  • Posterior Tibial
  • Dorsalis Pedis
  • +2/4
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11
Q
  • What is the log roll test?
  • What does a + test indicate?
A
  • Central or peripheral compartment pathology
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12
Q
  • What does the C sign test for?
A

Labral pathology

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13
Q
  • What does labral loading test for?
A
  • Labral or cartilagenous pathology
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14
Q
  • What does labral distraction test for?
    *
A
  • Labral or cartilagenous pathology
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15
Q
  • How do you perform the Scour test?
  • What does it test for?
A
  • Flex and externally rotate the patient’s hip. Load into the socket and articulate through the annular range of motion.
  • Labral or articular cartilage pathology
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16
Q
  • How do you perform the FABER TYPE 1 Test?
  • What does it test for?
A
  • Patient has the hip flexed, externally rotated and aBducted.
  • Doc applies downward force and asks if patient has any pain
  • Testing for labral pathology
17
Q
  • How do you perform the rectus femoris test?
  • What does it test for?
A
  • Patient is supine
  • One hip is flexed and the other leg is bent over the edge of the table.
  • (+) test if the leg not being flexed is off of the table (indicates contraction of the rectus femoris)
18
Q
  • How do you perform the Jump Sign test?
  • What does it test for?
A
  • Apply pressure to the greater trochanter of the femur
  • (+) with apprehension/pain
  • Indicates trochanteric bursitis
    *
19
Q
  • How do you do the straight leg raise test?
A
  • Passively flex patient’s ipsilateral hip with knee extended
  • (+) test with with pain over the lateral leg, especially > 15 degrees
  • Indicates IT band Contracture
  • Positive signs between 30-60: Lumbar radiculopathy
  • Positive signs >70 degrees: mechanical low back pain d/t muscle strain or joint disease
20
Q
  • How do you perform the piriformis test?
  • What does a (+) test indicate?
A
  • Patient has hip extended and ABducted
  • Pt ABducts against doc resistance
  • (+) test indicates Piriformis spasm or pathology
21
Q
  • How do you perform part 2 of Faber test?
  • What does it test for?
A
  • Tests for gluteus medius pathology
22
Q
  • How do you perform part 3 of Faber’s test?
  • What does a (+) test indicate?
A
  • Patient’s hip is flexed, externally rotated and ABducted
  • Doc presses down and patient is instructed to ADduct against resistance
  • + test indicative of iliopsoas insufficiency or pathology
23
Q
  • How do you perform the Thomas test?
  • What is a positive test indicative of?
A
  • Patient lies on tables with both knees and hips pulled to chest
  • One leg is lowered to table to test flexibility
  • + test is indicated when patient cannot fully extend their leg or extended leg raises off of the table: this is indicative of hip flexor contraction
24
Q
  • Identify the dermatomes of the numbered structures
A
  1. L1
  2. L2
  3. L3
  4. L5
  5. L4
  6. S1
  7. S2
  8. S5
  9. S4
  10. S3
  11. L1
  12. L2
  13. S2
  14. L5
  15. L4
  16. S1

OS Exam 2 (9 decks)

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