Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK- Pelvis and Lower Limb > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Describe typical hip pain?

A

Usually causes pain in the groin which may radiate to the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why may hip pain be felt in the knee?

A

Due to shared hip and knee sensory supply from the obturator nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Apart from the groin and the knee, where else can hip pain be felt? What else can cause pain there?

A

Buttock - pain here may also be from the lumbar spine and SI joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In what condition does hip pathology sometimes present purely as knee pain?

A

SUFE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What may examination of a hip condition show?

A

Reduced range of movement, loss of internal rotation is often the first clinical sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What may exacerbate hip pain?

A

Rotational movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can cause abductor weakness?

A

Altered hip biomechanics or chronic disuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What may abductor weakness present as?

A

Positive Trendelenberg test / Trendelenberg gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In what conditions of the hip might there be shortening of the limb?

A

Severe OA, Perthes, SUFE or AVN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some other causes of groin pain?

A

Hernias, tendonitis, pubic symphysis dysfunction, high lumbar disc prolapse (L1/2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is acetabular dysplasia?

A

When the femoral head sits more lateral than it should to the acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patients with acetabular dysplasia have often had previous treatment for what?

A

DDH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In conditions such as Perthes or SUFE which have extra protruding bone which is going to jam, when is the hip at higher risk of damage?

A

When the joint is in high demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some treatment options for conditions which cause protruding bone which jams on movement?

A

Nothing / arthroscopy (screws) / open repair or shaving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What usually happens in hip joint trauma?

A

The head is forced out of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management of altered hip mechanics (e.g. dysplasia) usually involves what?

A

Osteotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can you treat AVN before there has been any necrosis?

A

Drill holes into the femoral neck and into the abnormal area of the head to try and relieve pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the management for AVN after there has been necrosis?

A

THR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What non-surgical options must be explored for hip arthritis before surgery can be considered?

A

Weight loss, analgesia, physiotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What treatment can be useful in those whose hip arthritis is causing lower back/hip pain?

A

Steroid injections

21
Q

Most patients who undergo THR are what age?

A

> 65

22
Q

What are 4 criteria for undergoing THR?

A

Reduced walking distance, uncontrolled pain, night pain, impairment of activities of daily living/hobbies

23
Q

What are the outcomes of THR?

A

Usually really good. Gets rid of pain, proprioception isn’t really an issue. May also improve stiffness but this is not a primary indication.

24
Q

If a THR cannot be done for hip arthritis, what could be tried instead?

A

Resurfacing

25
Q

What is the difference between THA and THR?

A

They are almost the same, except that THA is a slightly broader term including procedures such as resurfacing which don’t technically replace the hip

26
Q

What are the gold standard materials for THR?

A

Cemented metal on polyethylene

27
Q

Any THA will ultimately begin to fail as a result of loosening. In a low demand, older patient, how long should this last before failing?

A

15 years (cup) and 20 years (stem)

28
Q

Why do the components of a THA loosen?

A

Wear particles on the surface cause an inflammatory response at the implant/bone interface. This releases inflammatory mediators and results in osteoclastic resorption.

29
Q

What are some conservative management options for hip arthritis?

A

Analgesia, physiotherapy, use of a stick, weight reduction and activity modification

30
Q

What factors should be considered when deciding who should be considered for THA?

A

Pain and disability

31
Q

What are some ways of assessing a patient’s pain?

A

Analgesic use, rest pain, sleep disturbance

32
Q

What are some ways of assessing a patient’s disability?

A

Walking distance, activities of daily living, hobbies

33
Q

What are some early local complications of THA?

A

Infection, dislocation, nerve injury, leg length discrepancies

34
Q

What nerve is most likely to be injured in THA?

A

Sciatic nerve

35
Q

What are some early medical complications of THA?

A

MI, chest infection, UTI, blood loss, hypovolaemia, DVT/PE

36
Q

What are some late local complications of THA?

A

Early loosening, late infection, late dislocation

37
Q

Late infections to a site of THA are usually spread how?

A

Haematogenously

38
Q

Why are THAs not recommended in younger patients?

A

Higher risk of requiring revision surgery later in life, put more demand on the prosthetic

39
Q

When may a THA be considered in a younger patient?

A

If the pain and disability is severe enough

40
Q

What are the risks of revision hip replacement surgery?

A

Bigger and more complex surgery, often substantial blood loss, twice the complication rates, poorer functional outcome, don’t last as long

41
Q

AVN in the hip can be primary (idiopathic) or it can be secondary. What are some causes of secondary AVN?

A

Alcohol abuse, steroids, hyperlipidaemia or thrombophilia

42
Q

Patients with AVN tend to have pain where?

A

Groin

43
Q

Early cases of AVN may only be seen on what imaging?

A

MRI

44
Q

Later stage AVN can be seen on x-ray, what will it look like?

A

Patchy sclerosis on the femoral head with a lytic zone underneath (formed by granulation tissue from attempted repair)

45
Q

Once AVN is severe, what can happen?

A

The femoral head can collapse with irregularity of the articular surface and subsequent OA

46
Q

What happens in trochanteric bursitis?

A

The abductor muscle tendons become inflamed and degeneration leads them to tear. The trochanteric bursa also becomes inflamed.

47
Q

When will patients with trochanteric bursitis have pain?

A

The region of the greater trochanter, especially on resisted abduction and lying on it at night

48
Q

What is the treatment for trochanteric bursitis?

A

Self limiting - NSAIDs, analgesia, physiotherapy and steroid injections

MSK- Pelvis and Lower Limb (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions