hip Flashcards
what is the main bone of the hip joint? what does it create?
- femur
- creates movement
what type of joint is the hip?
- synovial joint
- ball and socket joint
what does the hip joint being ball and socket make the hip?
- multiaxial
what does the neck and head of femur articulate with?
- acetabulum
what shape is the acetabulum and why?
- C shape (lunate)
- because it is the socket part of the joint
what is the greater trochanter?
- ridge sticking out on the lateral side
what is the lesser trochanter?
- ridge below greater trochanter on medial side
what is the head of the femur? what is it covered by?
- ball part of the joint
- covered by smooth cartilage
what is the little dimple on the head of the femur called? what is its roles?
- fovea
- ligaments attach
- hold head in place
what is the pelvis made up of?
- two innominate bones
what joints make up the pelvis?
- sacroiliac joints on either side
what are the three parts of the pelvis?
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
what is the ilium?
- main superior part of the pelvis
where does iliac crest run and stop?
-runs all the way across the top
- at the front stops at ASIS
- at the back stops at PSIS
what is the ischium?
- posterior part of pelvis
what is the part called that we sit on? what does it allow?
- ischial tuberosity
- it allows muscle attachment
what is the pubis?
- part in front of the body
- where inferior and superior ramus come together in a V shape
what is between the two pubis? what does it allow?
- pubic symphysis
- cartilage allows some movement
what is the pelvic inlet?
- small hole in the middle of the pelvis
what is in- between the two innominate bones?
- sacrum
what is the inferior part of the sacrum?
- coccyx
what are the four main ligaments of the hip?
- ligaments of the head of the femur
- pubofemoral ligament
- iliofemoral ligament
- ischiofemoral ligament
what is the ligament of the head of femur? what does it provide?
- connects the head of the femur and the acetabulum
- provides joint stability
what is the importance of the ligament of the femur head in childhood?
- provides blood supply to head of femur to provide nutrients for growth
what is the acetabulum labarum and whats the point of it?
- sits all the way around the edge of the acetabulum
- extends the socket to increase stability & congruency of joint
what is the pubofemoral ligament? what does it prevent?
- connects pubis to femur
- prevents excessive abduction and extension
what is the iliofemoral ligament? what does it prevent?
- connects ilium to femur
- upside down Y
- prevents over extension
what is the ischiofemoral ligament? what does it prevent?
- connects ischium to femur on posterior side
- comes anteriorly to prevent over extension
where does ischiofemoral ligament wrap? what does it provide?
- deep to iliofemoral ligament
- provides support underneath
what are the four hip extensors?
- gluteus maximus
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- biceps femoris
where does gluteus maximus originate and insert?
- originates on posterior inferior sacrum
- inserts into iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity
where does semitendinosus originate and insert?
- originates at lower medial facet of ischial tuberosity
- inserts into superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft
where does semimembranosus originate and insert?
- originates on upper lateral facet of ischial tuberosity
- inserts onto posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
where does biceps femoris originate and insert?
- originates at lower medial facet of ischial tuberosity (long head)
- lower linear aspera (short head)
- inserts onto head of fibula and tibia lateral condyle
what are the five hip flexors?
- psoas major
- iliacus
- pectineus
- sartorius
- rectus femoris
where does the psoas major originate and insert?
- originates at vertebral bodies of T12- L5
- inserts into lesser trochanter of femur
where does the iliopsoas originate and insert?
- originates on iliac crest
- inserts into lesser trochanter of femur
where does the pectineus originate and insert?
- originates at pubic ramus
- inserts into pectineal line
where does the sartorius originate and insert?
- originates at anterior superior iliac spine to tibia
- inserts into pes anserinus
where does the rectus femoris originate and insert?
- originates at ASIS
- inserts into base and upper border of patella and tibial tuberosity
what are the five adductor muscles?
- adductor magnus
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- gracilis
- pectineus
where does adductor magnus originate and insert?
- originates at ischiopubic ramus and tuberosity
- inserts onto linear aspera, medial supracondylar ridge & adductor tubercle
where does the adductor longus originate and insert?
- originates on medial anterior surface of pubis
- inserts onto middle of linea aspera
where does the adductor brevis originate and insert?
- originates on medial & inferior pubic ramus
- inserts onto upper linea aspera
where does gracilis originate and insert?
- originates on inferior pubic ramus
- inserts onto medial tibial shaft
where does pectineus originate and insert?
- originates at superior pubic ramus
- inserts into pectineal line
what are the four abductor muscles?
- gluteus minimus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus maximus
- tensor fascia latae
where does gluteus minimus originate and insert?
- originates between anterior and inferior gluteal lines of ileum
- inserts onto greater trochanter
where does gluteus medius originate and insert?
- originates between anterior and posterior gluteal lines of ileum
- inserts onto greater trochanter
where does tensor fascia latae originate and insert?
- originates on anterior 5cm of ISIS
- inserts onto iliotibial band
what are the three internal rotators?
- gluteus minimus
- gluteus medius
- tensor fasciae latae
what are the six external rotators?
- piriformis
- obturator internus
- obturator externus
- quadratus femoris
- gemellus superior
- gemellus inferior
where does piriformis originate and insert?
- originates on aterior surface of sacrum
- inserts onto medial surface of greater trochanter
where does the obturator internus originate and insert?
- originates on interior surface of obturator membrane
- inserts onto medial surface of greater trochanter
where does obturator externus originate and insert?
- originates on outer surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
- inserts onto trochanteric fossa of femur
where does the quadratus femoris originate and insert?
- originates on ischial tuberosity
- inserts onto interochanteric crest
where does gemellus superior originate and insert?
- originates on ischial spine
- inserts onto greater trochanter
where does gemellus inferior originate and insert?
- originates on ischial tuberosity
- inserts onto medial surface of greater trochanter
