Hip

Question 1

Hip joint functions

Answer 1

-Stable due to: boney architecture (easily reproduceable), strong ligaments, large supportive muscle
-Functions in weight bearing and locomotion:
-enhanced significantly by its wide range of motion
-majority of lower body power should come from hip, but in most people it doesn’t, leading to injury and degenerative disease

Question 2

Bones of hip

Answer 2

-Ball and socket joint: head of femur connects with acetabulum of pelvic girdle
-Pelvic girdle: right and left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by sacrum and anteriorly by pubic symphysis
-Femur: longest bone in body
-Sacrum: extension of spinal column with fused 5 vertebrae

Question 3

Pelvic bone

Answer 3

-Divided into three parts
-Ilium: upper 2/5
-Ischium: posterior and lower 2/5
-Pubis: anterior and lower 1/5

Question 4

Anterior Boney landmarks

Answer 4

-Anterior pelvis: origin for hip flexors
-Anterior iliac crest
-Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
-Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
-Hip Flexion

Question 5

Lateral Boney Landmarks

Answer 5

-Lateral pelvis: origin for hip abductors
-Lateral iliac crest
-Hip abduction

Question 6

Medial Boney Landmarks

Answer 6

-Medially: origin for hip adductors
-Pubis
-Inferior ramus
-Hip adduction

Question 7

Posterior Boney Landmarks

Answer 7

-Posterior: Origin for hip extensors/posterior iliac crest/posterior sacrum/coccyx
-Posteroinferiorly: origin for hip extensors/ischial tuberosity
-Hip extensor

Question 8

Boney Landmarks on thigh

Answer 8

Proximal thigh: insertion for short muscle of the hip
-greater trochanter
-lesser trochanter
-Origin for 3 knee extensors:
-three vasti muscle of quads anteriorly
-hip adductors- linea aspera insertion

Question 9

Boney landmarks on the legs

Answer 9

-Patella: insertion for 4 quadricep muscles
-Proximal tibia or fibula: insertion for remainder of hip muscles
-Medially: upper anteromedial tibial surface just below medial condyle after crossing knee posteromedially/posteromedially on medial tibial condyle
-Laterally: laterally, primarily on the fibula head with some fibers attaching on lateral tibial condyle/ iliotibial tract of tensor fasciae latae-anterolaterally on gerdy tubercle of tibia

Question 10

Anterior and posterior joints of hip

Answer 10

-Anterior: two pelvic bones join to form symphysis pubis, amphiarthrodial
-Posterior: sacrum between the 2 pelvic bones and forms sacroiliac joint/strong ligaments unite these bones to form rigid, slightly moveable joint

Question 11

Acetabulofemoral joint

Answer 11

-Multiaxial arrangement
-Boney architecture provides stability (little dislocations)
-Synovial joint (enarthrodial joint)
-Femoral head inserting to the acetabulum
-Reinforced by extremely strong and dense ligamentous capsule

Question 12

What are the Hip Flexor muscles?

Answer 12

-Iliacus
-Psoas
-Rectus femoris
-TFL
-Sartorious

Question 13

Iliacus and Psoas (Hip flexion)

Answer 13

Iliopsoas muscle: flexion at hip
-Lumbar spine stabilizer in hip flexion (psoas pinch/ASIS to femur)
-Origin:
-Insertion:

Question 14

Rectus femoris (hip flexion)

Answer 14

-Flexion of hip
-Extension of knee
-Anterior pelvic rotation (quad dominance
-Origin:
-Insertion:

Question 15

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Answer 15

-Abduction of hip
-Flexion of hip
-Tendency to rotate hip internally as it flexes (bad)
-Anterior pelvic rotation
-Origin:
-Insertion:

Question 16

Sartorius

Answer 16

-Flexion of hip
-Abduction of hip
-Anterior pelvic rotation
(Flexion of knee)

Question 17

What are the Hip Extensors

Answer 17

-Glute max
-Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)

Question 18

Glute max

Answer 18

-Extension of hip
-External rotation of hip
-Posterior pelvic rotation
-Pull femur back into middle of acetabulum (hip arthritis)

Question 19

Glute Medius

Answer 19

-Abduction of hip
-Internal rotation and flexion (anterior fibers)
-External rotation and extension (posterior fibers)
-Frontal plane stabilizer not a prime mover

Question 20

Glute minimus

Answer 20

-Abduction of hip
-Internal rotation as femur abducts
-Flexion of hip

Question 21

Semitendinosus (hamstrings)

Answer 21

-Extension of hip
-Internal rotation of hip
-Posterior pelvic rotation
(Flexion of knee/internal rotation of flexed knee)

Question 22

Semimembranosus (hamstrings)

Answer 22

-Extension of hip
-Internal rotation of hip
-Posterior pelvic tilt
(flexion of knee/internal rotation of flexed knee)

Question 23

Biceps femoris (hamstrings)

Answer 23

-Extension of hip
-External rotation of hip
-Posterior pelvic rotation
(Flexion of knee/External rotation of flexed knee)

Question 24

Hip abductors

Answer 24

-Glute medius
-TFL
-Glute minimus

Question 25

Glute minimus (hip abductor)

Answer 25

-Abduction of hip
-Internal rotation as femur abducts
-Flexion of hip

Question 26

Glute medius (hip abductor)

Answer 26

-Abduction of hip
-Internal rotation and flexion (anterior fibers)
-External rotation and extension (posterior fibers)
-Frontal plane stabilizer not a prime mover

Question 27

TFL (hip abductor)

Answer 27

-Abduction of hip
-Flexion of hip
-Tendency to rotate hip internally as it flexes (bad)
-Anterior pelvic rotation
-Origin:
-Insertion:

Question 28

Hip external rotators

Answer 28

Six deep lateral rotator muscles:
-Piriformis: external rotator
-Gemellus superior/inferior: external rotator
-Obturator external/internal: external rotator
-Quadratus femoris: external rotator

Question 29

Hip Adductors

Answer 29

-Adductor brevis:
-Adductor longus
-Adductor magnus
-Gracilis
-Pectineus

Question 30

Gluteal amnesia

Answer 30

-Due to our tendency to sit on our glutes more than use them, they tend to shut down in a lot of people and not work the way they should.
-Glute activation exercises important in prevention of injury/disease and improving athletic performance
-Glute max: hip extension and external rotation
-Train glute med as a frontal plane stabilizer