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Movement Science EXAM 3 > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of the hip joint?

A

coxofemoral joint

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2
Q

what type of joint is the coxofemoral joint?

A

synovial
diarthrodial
ball and socket

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3
Q

how many degrees of freedom are in the hip joint?

A

3: FLEX/EX
ABD/ADD
MR/LR

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4
Q

what are the functions of the hip joint?

A

support head, arms and trunk in static and dynamic postures
weightbearing
mobility

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5
Q

what are the 3 fused pelvic bones contributing to the acetabulum?

A

ilium
ischium
pelvis

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6
Q

The acetabulum is positioned ___degrees_____ and ____ degrees _______

A

50 degrees inferior and 20 degrees anterior (anteversion)

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6
Q

what is acetabular dysplasia?

A

shallow acetabulum
decreased coverage causing instability
(often tested and found in infancy, but can be asymptomatic into adulthood)

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7
Q

what is coxa profunda?

A

over coverage (deep bowl) of the acetabulum leading to impingement

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7
Q

what is anteversion?

A

anteversion is when the acetabulum is positioned more at anteriorly, leading to instability

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7
Q

what is retroversion?

A

The acetabulum is positioned more posteriorly, leading to over coverage

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8
Q

a center edge angle less than 22-50 degrees is indicative of

A

acetabular dysplasia

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9
Q

a center edge angle greater than 22-50 degrees is indicative of

A

pincer type impingement

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10
Q

what is the center edge angel?

A

coverage of femoral head connecting lateral rim and center of femoral head

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11
Q

acetabular inclination is

A

measurement of acetabular depth measured from line parallel to teardrops on xray, to lateral acetabulum

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12
Q

typical acetabular inclination is ___degrees

A

32-45 (greater is indicative of acetabular dysplasia)

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13
Q

The acetabular labrum is a

A

ring of wedge shaped fibrocartilage

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14
Q

the acetabular labrum functions to

A

deepen socket, increase concavity
maintain negative pressure for stability
nerve endings provide proprioceptive/pain sensitivity feedback

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15
Q

does the acetabular labrum have nerve endings?

A

yes! provide proprioceptive/pain sensitivity feedback

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16
Q

acetabular labrum blends with which ligament?

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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17
Q

The femoral head is rounded with what type of cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

What ligament attaches to the fovea of the femoral head?

A

ligamentum teres (ligament of head of femur) and fovea is NOT covered with hyaline cartilage

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19
Q

the femoral head faces what direction?

A

medially
superiorly
anteriorly with respect to femoral shaft and condyles

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20
Q

coxa valga is what?

A

increased femoral neck angle
-decreased shear on neck, DECREASED moment arm for abductors
-associated structurally with genu varum

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21
Q

coxa vara has a ___ angle leading to a ____ moment arm for abductors

A

decreased angle, increased moment arm for abductors
-increased shearing forces

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22
Q

what structural abnormality is associated with genu valgum?

A

coxa vara

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23
Q

what femoral neck abnormality is associated with increased risk for SCFE?

A

coxa vara

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24
Q

what structural abnormality is associated with genu varum?

A

coxa valga

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25
Q

kids with CP tend to have ____ and will often present with genu_____ when walking/standing

A

coxa valga and genu valgum
*spasticity

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26
Q

If femoral angle of torsion is greater than 10-20 degrees, this is called femoral _____

A

anteversion

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27
Q

if femoral angle of torsion is less than 10-20 degrees, this is called

A

femoral retroversion

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28
Q

femoral anteversion (greater than 15-20 degrees) is associated with

A

increased medial rotation
less lateral rotation
decreased stability

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29
Q

femoral retroversion (less than 10-15 degrees) is associated with

A

increased lateral rotation, decreased medial rotation

30
Q

there is more articular surface on the ______ than _______

A

there is more articular surface on the head of femur than acetabulum

31
Q

In standing, the femoral head is exposed in what direction?

A

anteriorly/superiorly

32
Q

most joint congruence in the hip joint occurs during what directions?

A

flexion
abduction
slight lateral rotation
(frog-leg)
(more so in weightbearing than non weightbearing)

33
Q

The acetabular fossa adds ____ that adds stability from atmospheric pressure

A

a partial vacuum

34
Q

What can help increase articular congruence in the hip for infants?

A

pavlik harness (abducted, flexed, laterally rotated)

35
Q

What two tests can be done to test for acetabular dysplasia in infancy?

A

barlow test
ortolani test

36
Q

The joint capsule has thickest ligaments in what area?

A

anterior-superiorly

37
Q

The joint capsule has thinnest ligaments in what area?

A

posterior-inferiorly

38
Q

JOINT CAPSULE SLIDE

A
39
Q

BURSAE SLIDE

A
40
Q

The ligament teres is ___articular but ___synovial

A

The ligamentum teres is intra articular and EXTRAsynovial

41
Q

When does the ligamentum teres provide restraint for hip medial/lateral rotation?

A

when hip is more than 90 degrees flexed

42
Q

LIGAMENTUM TERES SLIDE

A
43
Q

Y ligament of Bigelow is also known as

A

iliofemoral ligament

44
Q

The iliofemoral ligament attaches from ___ to ____

A

AIIS to intertrochanteric line

45
Q

The iliofemoral ligament is the primary stabilizing component of the ___ hip

A

anterior hip (resting on Y ligaments)

46
Q

what ligament resists excessive lateral rotation when hip is in neutral or flexion?

A

Y ligament (iliofemoral ligament)

47
Q

what ligament resists lateral rotation when hip is in Extension?

A

pubofemoral ligament

48
Q

the pubofemoral ligament attaches from the ____ to ___

A

pubic portion of acetabular rim to iliopectineal eminence

49
Q

The pubofemoral ligament forms a sling that supports the ___ femoral neck and connects fibers between ____ and ______

A

The pubofemoral ligament forms a sling that supports the INFERIOR femoral neck and connects fibers between ILIOFEMORAL and ISCHIOFEMORAL

50
Q

ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT

A
51
Q

The trabeculae line up along

A

stress lines of the femur

52
Q

Most weightbearing stresses in the pelvis pass from ___ to _____

A

SI

53
Q

SLIDE 25

A
54
Q

The convex femoral head moves on the concave acetabulum. Slide/glide and spin/roll will be _____(same/opposite)

A

opposite

55
Q

In flexion, the femoral head spins

A

posteriorly

56
Q

In extension, the femoral head spins

A

anteriorly

57
Q

In hip abduction, the femoral head will roll ____, glide _____

A

roll superior
glide inferior

58
Q

In hip adduction, the femoral head will roll ____ and glide _____

A

roll inferior, glide superior

59
Q

In medial rotation, the femoral head will roll ____, glide ____

A

roll anterior, glide posterior

60
Q

In lateral rotation, the femoral head will roll ____, glide _____

A

roll posterior,
glide anterior

61
Q

normal gait requires at least
____flexion
____extension
____ ABD/ADD
____MED/LAT rotation

A

30 degrees of flexion
10 degrees of extension
5 degrees of ABD/ADD
5 degrees of MED/LAT ROT

62
Q

If the opposite side of pelvis drops (weak glute med), then the stance hip will be in _____(abd or add)

A

adduction

63
Q

If patient is doing an opposite pelvis hike, the stance hip is in ____(abd or add)

A

abduction

64
Q

anterior pelvic tilt causes hip ____

A

flexion

65
Q

posterior pelvic tilt causes hip _____

A

extension

66
Q

lateral pelvic shift in bilateral stance causes ____ on the shift side and _____ on the opposite side

A

adduction on the shift side
abduction on the opposite side

67
Q

PELVIFEMORAL MOTION

A
68
Q

when does glute max have longest moment arm?

A

peak efficiency for extension when hip is FLEXED 70 DEGREES

69
Q

when knee is flexed over 90 degrees, hamstrings are placed in ____ insufficiency

A

active (lose ability to extend the hip

70
Q

Glute medius anterior fibers do

A

flexion/medial rotation

71
Q

glute medius posterior fibers do

A

extension/lateral rotation

72
Q

in hip flexion, what portions of the glute med cause MEDIAL ROTATION?

A

ALL PORTIONS

73
Q

what muscles help with joint compression of the femoral head in the acetabulum?

A

hip lateral rotators (OI, OE, gemelli, QF, pirformis)

74
Q

what are the primary medial rotators?

A

none! contributors are
anterior glute med
anterior glute min
TFL
adductors

75
Q
A

Movement Science EXAM 3 (5 decks)

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