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Movement Science EXAM 3 > FOOT/ANKLE > Flashcards

FOOT/ANKLE Flashcards

1
Q

osteoarthritis

A

increased risk of fall
cartilaginous surfaces break down

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2
Q

osteoporosis

A

decreased bone density and mass: bone disease
structure and quality of bone changed

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3
Q

osteopenia

A

step before osteoporosis

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4
Q

osteomalacia

A

soft bone: disruption of osteoclast/osteoblast cycle: turn over isnt correct: new layer form does not mineralize properly and lays down like cartilage (can happen at any age vitamin D and calcium deficiencies

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5
Q

above talocrural joint, what are the directions?

A

superior/inferior, anterior/post

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6
Q

below talocrural joint, directions are;

A

proximal/distal, dorsal/plantar

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7
Q

the foot allows for stability for _____and mobility for_______

A

stability for rigid foot during push off and mobility for shock absorption in uneven terrain

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8
Q

rearfoot (hindfoot) is what two bones?

A

talus and calcaneus

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9
Q

what is a chopart amputation?

A

amputation at talus/calcaneus: everything else chopped off

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10
Q

Lisfranc amputation is

A

cutting off all the metatarsals

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11
Q

Midfoot three bones are

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Three cuneiform

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12
Q

Forefoot bones include

A

metatarsals and phalanges

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13
Q

Pronation is what three motions?

A

dorsiflexion
eversion
abduction

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14
Q

Supination is what three composite motions?

A

plantarflexion
inversion
adduction

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15
Q

Calcaneovalgus is pron/sup?

A

pronation

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16
Q

Calcaneovarus is pron/sup?

A

supination

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17
Q

three motions of the foot complex

A

Three Motions
DF and PF (talocrural)
INV and EV (subtalar)
ABD and ADD (subtalar, forefoot)
Flexion and Extension (toes)

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18
Q

proximal tibiofibular joint anatomically belongs to the ___ but functionally part of the ____

A

Anatomically belongs to the knee; functionally to the ankle/foot

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19
Q

proximal tib-fib joint works like a wrench how?

A

if fibula gets loose, less stability at the ankle

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20
Q

The distal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?

A

syndesmosis union: no joint capsule, ligaments only

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21
Q

function of talocrurual joint is dependent on stability of the

A

tibiofibular joint

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22
Q

what ligaments are a part of the Distal tibiofibular joint

A

Anterior and posterior tib-fib ligaments
Interosseous ligaments

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23
Q

proximal injury of tibiofibular joint: what kind of trauma can lock prox tibfib joint?

A

inversion trauma
hypermobility of prox tibfib joint can lead to common fib nerve injury

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24
Q

distal tibiofibular injury can lead to

A

Injury to syndesmosis can lead to widening of “mortise” = instability at talocrural joint (tearing)

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25
TALOCRURAL JOINT SLIDE 9
26
Talocrural joint is composed of what three ligaments?
medial collateral ligament lateral collateral ligament additional support from extensor retinaculum
27
medial collateral ligament (deltoid) inserts at
navicular talus, calcaneus
28
lateral collateral ligament is composed of what three ligaments?
anterior talofibular posterior talofib calcaneofibular ligament
29
lateral collateral ligament helps limit what motions?
inversion and supination (weaker)
30
talocrural axis is at what angle?
oblique inclined down laterally 14 degrees, posteriorly 23 degrees
31
toe out of 20 degrees is due to what?
talocrural oblique axis (joint formation/orientation)
32
What is the motion of the head of talus in dorsiflexion?
rolls dorsally, glides plantarly closed packed position*
33
if gastrocnemius is tight, what motion is limited?
dorsiflexion with knee extension
34
normal DF range is
20 degrees
35
head of talus in plantarflexion normal motion is
rolls plantarly, glides dorsally *small amount of talar rotation (abd/add) or talar tilt (eversion/inversion) may occur
36
loose packed position in ankle is
plantarflexion (only posterior body of talus is in contact
37
normal range of motion of PF is
50 degrees
38
Plantar flexion has higher/lower incidence of ankle sprains?
higher
39
plantarflexion is limited by what ligaments?
anterior tibialis, EHL, EDL
40
medial ankle plantar flexion is protected by
post tib, FHL, FDL
41
lateral ankle plantarflexion is protected by
fib long and brevis
42
the taus is wider distally/proximally?
wider distally: improves stability
43
in weightbearing, the mortise rotates over the talus. The tib-fib joint adjusts to widen around the distal talus in dorsiflexion HOW
medial rotation
44
tib-fib joint widens in plantarflexion by rotating med/lat?
lateral rotation
45
lateral facet is larger/smaller than medial at talocrural joint?
Fibula moves more and adjusts by superior/inferior gliding and medial/lateral rotation at proximal and distal tib-fib joints
46
subtalar joint's primary role is what?
lessen rotational forces of body weight
47
proximal subtalar joint has a convex/concave talus on convex/concave calcaneus?
Proximal: concave talus on convex calcaneus – largest facet (75% of ST forces)
48
subtalar joint (talar and calcaneus) runs in what directions?
distalmedial--proximallateral anteromedial----posterolateral
49
tarsal canal is what?
Tarsal canal formed by sulcus in both bones (talus and calcaneus), runs from sinus tarsi (lateral) to sustentaculum tali (medial)
50
what are the subatalar ligaments?
Calcaneofibular ligament Anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments Lateral and interosseous talocalaneal ligament Cervical ligament (strongest component) Deltoid ligament Additional support from extensor retinaculum
51
SLIDE 19
52
nonweight bearing composite motions for supination:
calcaneal adduction, inversion, plantarflexion
53
nonweightbearing composite motions of pronation:
calcaneal ABD, EV, DF EV sometimes referred to as valgus, INV as varus WB Motion
54
with weightbearing, pronation is what motions:
WB Pronation = calcaneal EV, Talar ADD and PF Tib-fib Med Rot (follows talus b/c mortise)
55
with weightbearing, supination is calcaneal ___ and talar ___ and _____ tib-fib ___ rotation
calcaneal INV, Talar ABD and DF, Tib-fib Lat Rot
56
In the sagittal plane, what motions are there in the ankle?
DF and PF
57
In transverse plane, what are the motions of the ankle?
abduction and adduction
58
Pronation is associated with pes
planus and pliable foot
59
subtalar neutral is what?
talus is centrally located in mortise *used to find if patient is in calcaneal valgus or varus *often used to isolate measurement of ankle DF
60
In bilateral stance, calcaneus is at___ degrees of eversion
3.5 degrees of eversion
61
For gait, calcaneal ___ degrees of ___ at heel strike than ____, then ____ degrees of inversion during push off
3 deg of INV at heel strike then EV Then 5.5 deg of INV during push-off
62
63
close packed position of subtalar joint is supination or pronation?
supination (stable) open-packed: pronation (flexible)
64
In weightbearing, subtalar joint absorbs what plane rotations?
Subtalar absorbed the LE transverse plane rotations
65
what joint divides hindfoot from mid and forefoot?
transverse tarsal joint Talonavicular and calcaneocuboid form S shaped transverse tarsal joint line
66
navicular and cuboid are ___ during weightbearing (mobile/immobile)
IMMOBILE talus and calcaneus move on them
67
The talus in weightbearing also can be considered to act as a ball bearing between what three joints?
The tibiofibular mortise superiorly The calcaneus (the subtalar joint) plantarly The navicular bone (the talonavicular joint) distally
68
Capsule of subtalar also encloses
Talonavicular Joint Distal convex head of talus with concave proximal aspect of navicular
69
SLIDE 25 and 26 and 27
70
transverse tarsal axis is angled HOW
Longitudinal axis inclines up 15° from transverse plane Angles 9°medially from sagittal plane allowing triplanar motion of SUP/PRO oblique axis: 57 degrees medial to sagittal plane and 52 degrees supinated to transverse plane
71
transverse tarsal joint is mechanically linked to ____ in weightbearing supination/pron
subtalar
72
medially rotating tibia imposes subtalar ____
pronation
73
If you have mobility in your foot, forefoot will twist in ___ direction during weightbearing pronation
opposite direction (adjust forefoot according to changing terrains)
74
The 4th and the 5th TMT articulate with ___
cuboid and share a capsule
75
1st TMT is made of
1st MT and medial cuneiform
76
2nd and 3rd MT formed by
2nd and 3rd cuneiform and share capsule (stronger and more restricted in motion)
77
forefoot varus/valgus is seen in
non-weightbearing
78
forefoot varus is associated with excessive ____ of hindfoot
pronation Seen in non-weightbearing subtalar neutral as varus Will evert in standing/weightbearing
79
In late stance phase of walking, ______ is key motion so foot can pass over toes Metatarsal heads and toes help balance bodyweight
extension!
80
metatarsaphalangeal joints is a ____ type of joint with ____ degrees of freedom
Condyloid synovial with 2 degrees of freedom (FLX/EXT and ABD/ADD) FLX/EXT > ABD/ADD Extension > Flexion
81
sesamoid bones on plantar aspect of 1st MTP is anatomically pulley for ____ and protects ___ tendons in weightbearing
FHB protects FHL in weightbearing
82
1st MTP has ____ deg of EXT, ____deg of FLX ____ deg of EXT used in walking
1st MTP has ~82 deg of EXT, 17 deg of FLX 42 deg of EXT used in walking
83
Excessive EXT at MTP can result in _____deformity
hammer toe
84
stiff 1st MTP results in ___
hallux rigidus
85
ankle plantarflexion contraction contributes to ____- and lock hindfoot/midfoot into rigid lever for push off
supination
86
minimal MTP flexion is needed for _______
most weightbearing activities
87
1st MTP adduction minimal ____ degrees during gait
15 degrees adduction If larger valgus: hallux valgus deformity
88
ectrodactyly
missing toes IPs (polydactyly: added toes)
89
longitudinal arch attaches posteriorly to ___ and ant to ____
Posteriorly attached to calcaneus and anteriorly to MET heads
90
transverse arch: easiest to see at TMT joint, reduced at MET heads what is keystone bone?
medial cuneiform
91
what bone is the keystone in longitudinal arches?
talus
92
mobility function of arches
Accept weight during early stance and adapt to various surfaces Requires flexibility to Dampen impact of weightbearing forces Dampen superimposed rotational motions Adapt to changes in support surface
93
stability function of arches
Requires stiffness for Distribution of weight through foot Convert flexible foot to rigid lever for gait
94

Movement Science EXAM 3 (5 decks)

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