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Hinduism/Buddhism Flashcards

1
Q

Brahman

A

The ultimate reality or universal essence of all things.

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2
Q

Monism

A

The doctrine that all reality is ultimately one.

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3
Q

Brahma

A

The Creator deity in Hinduism, rarely worshiped.

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4
Q

Avatar

A

A living embodiment or incarnation of a deity.

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5
Q

Atman

A

The eternal self, the soul in Hindu belief.

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6
Q

Maya

A

The cosmic illusion that obscures the truth.

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7
Q

Samsara - Hindu

A

The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

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8
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation from samsara and unity with Brahman.

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9
Q

Karma - Hindu

A

The moral law of cause and effect influencing rebirth.

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10
Q

Dharma

A

One’s ethical duty based on divine order.

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11
Q

Caste System:
- Brahmin
- Kshatriya
- Vaishya
- Shudra

A

The hierarchical structure of Hindu society:
Brahmin – Priests
Kshatriya – Warriors and rulers
Vaishya – Merchants and landowners
Shudra – Laborers and servants

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12
Q

Upanishads

A

A collection of philosophical texts explaining Hindu concepts.

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13
Q

Bhagavad-Gita

A

An epic dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna about duty and devotion.

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14
Q

Karma Marga

A

The path of works, fulfilling duty.

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15
Q

Jnana Marga

A

The path of knowledge and meditation.

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16
Q

Bhakti Marga

A

The path of devotion to deities.

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17
Q

Puja

A

Ritual worship through offerings.

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18
Q

Yoga

A

Spiritual practice aiming for enlightenment.

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19
Q

Ganges River

A

Sacred site believed to purify sins.

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20
Q

Sannyasin

A

A person who renounces material possessions for spiritual enlightenment.

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21
Q

Hindu social structure

A

dictates responsibilities based on caste and stage of life.

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22
Q

Four Goals of Life:

A

Kama – Pleasure and desire.
Artha – Material success and prosperity.
Dharma – Moral duty and righteousness.
Moksha – Liberation from rebirth.

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23
Q

Four Stages of Life:

A

Student – Learning and study.
Householder – Career and family.
Forest Walker – Spiritual retreat.
Sannyasa – Renunciation and devotion.

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24
Q

Festivals:

A

Holi – Festival of colors.
Diwali – Festival of lights.

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25
Hindu Beliefs about Death
Cremation is common, as the soul has already left the body.
26
What is the goal of Hinduism?
To attain moksha, or liberation from samsara.
27
How does karma influence reincarnation?
Good karma leads to a higher rebirth; bad karma leads to a lower rebirth.
28
What are the paths to liberation?
Karma Marga (action), Jnana Marga (knowledge), Bhakti Marga (devotion).
29
Why is the Ganges River sacred?
It is believed to purify sins and lead to a better rebirth.
30
What is the significance of avatars?
They are manifestations of deities
31
Buddha
"Awakened One," referring to Siddhartha Gautama.
32
Middle Way
The balanced path between indulgence and asceticism.
33
Sangha
The Buddhist monastic community.
34
Nirvana
Liberation from suffering and samsara.
35
Dharma - Buddha
The teachings of the Buddha.
36
Three Marks of Existence:
Anatta – No permanent self. Anicca – Impermanence. Dukkha – Suffering.
37
Samsara - Buddha
The cycle of rebirth, influenced by karma.
38
Karma - Buddhism
The moral law of cause and effect.
39
Five Precepts:
Do not take life. Do not steal. Do not engage in sensuous misconduct. Do not use false speech. Do not consume intoxicants.
40
Four Noble Truths:
Life involves suffering (Dukkha). Suffering is caused by desire (Tanha). Suffering can end by overcoming desire. The Eightfold Path leads to liberation.
41
Noble Eightfold Path:
Right View Right Intention Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration
42
Theravada Buddhism
The "Way of the Elders," emphasizing monastic life and wisdom.
43
Mahayana Buddhism
"The Great Vehicle," emphasizing compassion and Bodhisattvas.
44
Bodhisattva
An enlightened being who helps others reach nirvana.
45
Vajrayana Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism, emphasizing ritual and mantras.
46
Rebirth in Buddhism differs from Hinduism
because there is no permanent self (Anatta).
46
Zen Buddhism
A school of Buddhism emphasizing meditation.
47
Dalai Lama
The spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism.
48
Koan
A paradoxical riddle used in Zen Buddhism.
49
Buddha’s Life
- Born into the Kshatriya caste. - Witnessed suffering through the Four Passing Sights. - Achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.
50
Moral Conduct
- Ethical life follows the Five Precepts for lay Buddhists. - Monks follow additional precepts, such as not eating after noon.
51
Meditation & Enlightenment - Zazen: - Satori:
- Zazen (seated meditation) is essential in Zen Buddhism. - Satori refers to sudden enlightenment.
52
What is the goal of Buddhism?
To attain nirvana, freeing oneself from suffering.
53
How does Buddhism differ from Hinduism?
Hinduism believes in an eternal self (Atman), while Buddhism believes in Anatta (no self).
54
How do the Four Noble Truths explain suffering?
They outline its cause (desire) and the path to liberation (Eightfold Path).
55
What is the role of Bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism?
They delay their own enlightenment to help others.
56
Which of these is NOT true of reincarnation?
We attain moksha. (Reincarnation continues until moksha is achieved)
57
The Christian concept of "unconditional love" lines up mostly with what Hindu concept?
Dharma
58
Who/what is Saraswati?
Patroness of education
59
Who/what is Agni?
God of fire
60
Krishna is the living embodiment of which higher-level god?
Vishnu
61
Why is the Hindu ritual of cremation practiced regularly?
One's enteral life, their soul, has already departed from their physical body
62
How was the Hindu ritual of sati practiced?
People burn the living widow of a deceased man alive.
63
___ the mythological explanation for the sanctity of the Ganes River?
It extends from the feet of Vishnu.
64
Tanha
Selfish desires, thirst, craving → causes Dukkha
65
Prognosis
Is the truth of the end of suffering, or the possibility of liberation from suffering. The prognosis is one of the Four Noble Truths, which are a path to healing.
66
Rig Veda
oldest sacred text of hymns and prayers
67
Siddhartha Gautama
Born into the Kshatriya caste; renounced luxury after seeing the Four Passing Sights (old age, sickness, death, ascetic)
68
Arhat
One who attains enlightenment in Theravada Buddhism
69
Bodhisattva
Enlightened being who helps others
70
Rinzai & Soto Schools
- Rinzai: focuses on sudden awakening - Soto: focuses on gradual enlightenment through meditation
71
Dokusan
Private interviews with Zen masters for guidance
72
Vajrayana
Tibetan Buddhism, emphasizing ritual and mantras.
73
Mandala
A geometric configuration of symbols
74
Mudra
Symbolic or ritual gesture or pose in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism
75
Mantras
A word or sound repeated to aid concentration in meditation
76
Cows
Are the sacred animal in Hinduism.
77
A blind man
Is not one of the Four Sights that Buddha saw.
78
What is not true about Samadhi?
Is not one of the Three Schools of Buddhism.
79
Krishna
Is an avatar of Vishnu.
80
Vishnu is the god typically
Depicted as blue in color.
81
Eating before noon
Is not one of the Five Precepts of Buddhism.
82
Hinduism is a
polytheistic religion.
83
Four Stages of Life occur
When reborn in Hinduism.
84
Buddhism is a
non-theistic religion.
85
Buddha received enlightenment
Under the Bodhi Tree.
86
Ahimsa
Nonviolence
87
In Zen Buddhism, the important relationship is between
Student and teacher.

Morality & Justice/World Religions (9 decks)

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