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RE > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 type of karmas?

A

Prarabdha - karma from past life
Kriyamana - karma from current life
Nishkam - karma from selfless actions
Sakam - karma from selfish actions

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2
Q

What are the Trimurti?

A

The 3 main gods:
Brahma (the creator)
Vishnu (the preserver)
Shiva (the destroyer)

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3
Q

What is the Tridevi?

A

The three main goddesses:
Sarasvati (creativity, learning, wisdom)
Lakshmi (wealth, fortune)
Parvati (fertility, love, power)

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4
Q

What is an avatar?

A

A form of a god that descend to earth to stop evil when it’s threatening dharma.

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5
Q

What are ‘Vedas’?

A

Hindu scriptures

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6
Q

What is ‘Mahabharata’?

A

The story of Krishna, an avatar

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7
Q

What is ‘Ramayana’?

A

The story of Rama, a Vishnu avatar

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8
Q

What are Devas and Asuras?

A

Devas are deities of Brahman

Asuras are half brothers of Devas who have materialistic ideals

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9
Q

What are the 3 main Lokas?

A

Svar - heaven
Bhavas - atmosphere
Bhur - earth

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10
Q

How many lokas are there?

A

14: 6 heavens, 7 hells, earth

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11
Q

What are Yugas?

A

4.32 million years is separated into 4 sections: yugas

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12
Q

What does Nirguna and Guna mean?

A

Nirguna = no qualities

Guna = qualities

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13
Q

What does Nirakara and Sakara?

A

Nirakara = no form

Sakara = with form

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14
Q

What does Saguna mean?

A

A manifestation of god with attributes (deities)

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15
Q

What do Advaitas believe about Brahman?

A

Brahman and the atman are the same and the atman becomes one with Brahman when it achieves moksha, abandoning all forms of individuality.

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16
Q

What do Dvaitas believe about Brahman?

A

They believe that Brahman and the atman are separate, and in achieving Moksha, they remain separate with their individual traits

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17
Q

What do Dvaitas believe about god with form?

A

They believe in Saguna, which is where god has qualities and is mostly applied to embodied or anthropomorphic deities. This is a personal relationship

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18
Q

What do Advaitas believe about god with qualities?

A

They believe in Nirguna, where god has no qualities as it is above any quality we can give.

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19
Q

What do Advaitas believe about earth?

A

They believe that everything is fake, the only reality is Brahman and you shouldn’t become attached to anything in this world

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20
Q

What do Dvaitas believe about earth?

A

They believe that everything is fake, Brahman is the only reality but things in this world still matter and should be cherished

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21
Q

What is a murti?

A

A representation of god and could help visualise god

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22
Q

What are the advaita and Dvaita beliefs about murtis?

A

Advaitas don’t believe in them

Dvaitas believe god is in them

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23
Q

What is the purpose of a murti and how do hindu’s treat it?

A

It helps represent the god and gives a visual connection

Hindus wash the statue to care for it and show respect for the god

They could feel that because Brahman is omnipresent, he is part of the murti

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24
Q

What are the Purusharthas?

A

The four different aims of life

Dharma - duty
Artha - business, success
Kama- pleasure, love, hobbies
Moksha- liberation

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25
Q

What are the 4 virtues?

A

Truth (knowledge)
Ahimsa (non-violence)
Morality
Ethics

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26
Q

What is shaktism?

A

The belief that the femininity of gods is important

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27
Q

What are the three natures of god?

A

Brahman - supreme, only reality, identical to atman, has deities

Antaryami - the supreme spirit residing inside, Vishnu’s manifestation in the heart

Bhagavan - god as a person residing outside and beyond, refers to gods beyond our world

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28
Q

What does Jati mean?

A

Social class

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29
Q

What might Dharma restrict?

A

Could restrict your life as it tells you what to do, restricting free will, however it outlines the things that should be most important

Also restricts marriage, jobs and life choices

30
Q

What does the Bhagavad Gita highlight between ahimsa and dharma?

A

It highlights the conflict, as your duty could clash with ahimsa. If you’re a soldier, fulfilment of duty for the right motive is still the right action to take.

31
Q

What was Mahatma Gandhi famous for practicing?

A

Ahimsa

32
Q

What did Gandhi do to win independence against the British?

A

Protest peacefully and make their own salt from the beaches. They stormed the factories peacefully, letting the enemy hit them.

33
Q

Why are Hindus vegetarian?

A

Ahimsa forbids them from killing animals for food as everything has Brahman in

34
Q

What are the 5 main types of yoga?

A 
Bakti - love
Jnana - knowledge
Raja - meditation
Karma - path of action
Hatha - self control (physical yoga)
35
Q

What yoga does advaita and dvaita focus on?

A

Dvaita- bakti

Advaita- jnana

36
Q

What is the point of yoga?

A

Removing distractions can get you closer to god
Gets you fit physically, emotionally and mentally
Yoga means union- union with god, ourselves and our life

37
Q

What’s another word for yoga?

A

Marga

38
Q

What is japa?

A

Chanting. A form of musical incantation. This is to invoke spiritual or emotional states, recall specific useful teachings or to learn moral teachings

39
Q

What is Puja?

A

The act of showing reverence to a god or deity through prayers, incantations, offerings and rituals. An essential part is making a spiritual connection with the divine

40
Q

What is a mantra?

A

A sequence of words or syllables that are chanted. The aim of reciting these is to invoke a spiritual state of mind

41
Q

What is Japa Mala?

A

Hindu prayer beads used to count the number of times a mantra is recited, breaths while meditating or other things

42
Q

What is Bhajan or Kirtan?

A

Sacred music and dance

43
Q

What is Homa or Havan?

A

A ritual wherein any religious offering is burnt

44
Q

What is Sadhus/Sadhvis?

A

Hindu holy people

45
Q

Who believes in Jivan Mukti and what is it?

A

Advaita

When you achieve moksha in life, before you die

46
Q

What is ahimsa?

A

The Hindu belief of non-violence

47
Q

What is the difference between a linear and continuum universe?

A

Linear - time moves forward

Continuum - time is cyclical

48
Q

What is a mandir?

A

A Hindu temple

49
Q

What are some natural Murtis?

A

Rivers and mountains

50
Q

Why do some Hindus believe that murtis have god in them?

A

Because god is omnipresent and is in the statue

51
Q

What are the 4 stages (ashramas) in life?

A

Student

Householder

Retired

Renouncer

52
Q

What does Varnashramadharma mean?

A

Varna - roles in life

Ashrama - stages in life

Dharma - duties in life

53
Q

What is Jati?

A

Social differentiation

54
Q

Why are most Hindus vegetarian?

A

They believe in Ahimsa

55
Q

What’s the Bhagavad Gita?

A

A scripture that highlights the conflict between ahimsa and the duty of Dharma

56
Q

What are some examples of ahimsa protests?

A

Parading
Torches and signs
Fasting
Everyone following Ghandi

57
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of ahimsa?

A

Being peaceful is good in general
Brings good karma
Gives you the moral high ground

Easy to be overpowered
Might forgive people who shouldn’t be forgiven
Could easily give in

58
Q

What are the 5 main yogas?

A 
Bakti yoga - love
Jnana yoga - knowledge
Raja yoga - meditation
Karma yoga - path of action
Hatha yoga - self control (physical)
59
Q

What yoga does dvaita and advaita focus on?

A

Dvaita - bakti yoga (love)

Advaita - Jnana yoga (knowledge)

60
Q

What are examples of each 5 yoga?

A

Bakti - singing, dancing, friendship

Jnana - meditate, read scriptures

Karma - selfless service, doing dharma

Hatha - physical yoga

Raja yoga - detachment from material goods to focus on god

61
Q

How does Puja involve all 5 senses?

A

A bell - ring at the beginning to let god know you’re ready to worship

Food - symbolic exchange of love

Incense - purifies the air

Arti lamp - used to transfer god’s blessings

Holy water - used for purification

62
Q

What is Prashad?

A

The food offered to the gods

63
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a mandir?

A 
Community,
sense of grand things,
formal,
more detailed statues,
figures of authority
Celebrations
Distance
May not be dedicated to your deity
Impersonal
Distractions
Could be crowded
Could be restricted with time
64
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of worshipping at home?

A 
More convenient
Worship freely
Personalisation
Personal worship
Family activity
Expensive to supply supplies (kumkum powder)
Distractions
Lack of community
Difficult to get items
No authority
Becomes routine, not worship
65
Q

What is a Guru?

A

A respected person with saintly qualities who enlightens the mind of his disciple - to bring people closer to God

66
Q

What is a Sadhu?

A

A holy person who renounces everything and focuses only on personal liberation

67
Q

What is a Swami?

A

Religious leaders who belong in an order.
‘Swami’ replaces their family name and they set up missions, accept, train and ordain disciples to carry their traditions

68
Q

Why do people go on pilgrimages?

A

Devotion
To feel closer to god
Relates scriptures to reality
Meet with others who share the faith

69
Q

What is a pilgrimage?

A

A spiritual, physical journey to a place of worship

70
Q

What are Ashrams?

A 
A place to go to escape the world
Places of meditation
Somewhere to move closer to God
To perform yoga
To reflect their lives
71
Q

What is yamas and niyamas?

A

Yamas - list of things that you shouldn’t do

Niyama - list of things you should do

Together they make a list of rules to how you should live your life

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