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Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 type of karmas?

A

Prarabdha - karma from past life
Kriyamana - karma from current life
Nishkam - karma from selfless actions
Sakam - karma from selfish actions

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2
Q

What are the Trimurti?

A

The 3 main gods:
Brahma (the creator)
Vishnu (the preserver)
Shiva (the destroyer)

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3
Q

What is the Tridevi?

A

The three main goddesses:
Sarasvati (creativity, learning, wisdom)
Lakshmi (wealth, fortune)
Parvati (fertility, love, power)

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4
Q

What is an avatar?

A

A form of a god that descend to earth to stop evil when it’s threatening dharma.

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5
Q

What are ‘Vedas’?

A

Hindu scriptures

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6
Q

What is ‘Mahabharata’?

A

The story of Krishna, an avatar

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7
Q

What is ‘Ramayana’?

A

The story of Rama, a Vishnu avatar

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8
Q

What are Devas and Asuras?

A

Devas are deities of Brahman

Asuras are half brothers of Devas who have materialistic ideals

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9
Q

What are the 3 main Lokas?

A

Svar - heaven
Bhavas - atmosphere
Bhur - earth

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10
Q

How many lokas are there?

A

14: 6 heavens, 7 hells, earth

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11
Q

What are Yugas?

A

4.32 million years is separated into 4 sections: yugas

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12
Q

What does Nirguna and Guna mean?

A

Nirguna = no qualities

Guna = qualities

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13
Q

What does Nirakara and Sakara?

A

Nirakara = no form

Sakara = with form

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14
Q

What does Saguna mean?

A

A manifestation of god with attributes (deities)

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15
Q

What do Advaitas believe about Brahman?

A

Brahman and the atman are the same and the atman becomes one with Brahman when it achieves moksha, abandoning all forms of individuality.

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16
Q

What do Dvaitas believe about Brahman?

A

They believe that Brahman and the atman are separate, and in achieving Moksha, they remain separate with their individual traits

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17
Q

What do Dvaitas believe about god with form?

A

They believe in Saguna, which is where god has qualities and is mostly applied to embodied or anthropomorphic deities. This is a personal relationship

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18
Q

What do Advaitas believe about god with qualities?

A

They believe in Nirguna, where god has no qualities as it is above any quality we can give.

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19
Q

What do Advaitas believe about earth?

A

They believe that everything is fake, the only reality is Brahman and you shouldn’t become attached to anything in this world

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20
Q

What do Dvaitas believe about earth?

A

They believe that everything is fake, Brahman is the only reality but things in this world still matter and should be cherished

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21
Q

What is a murti?

A

A representation of god and could help visualise god

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22
Q

What are the advaita and Dvaita beliefs about murtis?

A

Advaitas don’t believe in them

Dvaitas believe god is in them

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23
Q

What is the purpose of a murti and how do hindu’s treat it?

A

It helps represent the god and gives a visual connection

Hindus wash the statue to care for it and show respect for the god

They could feel that because Brahman is omnipresent, he is part of the murti

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24
Q

What are the Purusharthas?

A

The four different aims of life

Dharma - duty
Artha - business, success
Kama- pleasure, love, hobbies
Moksha- liberation

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25
What are the 4 virtues?
Truth (knowledge) Ahimsa (non-violence) Morality Ethics
26
What is shaktism?
The belief that the femininity of gods is important
27
What are the three natures of god?
Brahman - supreme, only reality, identical to atman, has deities Antaryami - the supreme spirit residing inside, Vishnu’s manifestation in the heart Bhagavan - god as a person residing outside and beyond, refers to gods beyond our world
28
What does Jati mean?
Social class
29
What might Dharma restrict?
Could restrict your life as it tells you what to do, restricting free will, however it outlines the things that should be most important Also restricts marriage, jobs and life choices
30
What does the Bhagavad Gita highlight between ahimsa and dharma?
It highlights the conflict, as your duty could clash with ahimsa. If you’re a soldier, fulfilment of duty for the right motive is still the right action to take.
31
What was Mahatma Gandhi famous for practicing?
Ahimsa
32
What did Gandhi do to win independence against the British?
Protest peacefully and make their own salt from the beaches. They stormed the factories peacefully, letting the enemy hit them.
33
Why are Hindus vegetarian?
Ahimsa forbids them from killing animals for food as everything has Brahman in
34
What are the 5 main types of yoga?
``` Bakti - love Jnana - knowledge Raja - meditation Karma - path of action Hatha - self control (physical yoga) ```
35
What yoga does advaita and dvaita focus on?
Dvaita- bakti Advaita- jnana
36
What is the point of yoga?
Removing distractions can get you closer to god Gets you fit physically, emotionally and mentally Yoga means union- union with god, ourselves and our life
37
What’s another word for yoga?
Marga
38
What is japa?
Chanting. A form of musical incantation. This is to invoke spiritual or emotional states, recall specific useful teachings or to learn moral teachings
39
What is Puja?
The act of showing reverence to a god or deity through prayers, incantations, offerings and rituals. An essential part is making a spiritual connection with the divine
40
What is a mantra?
A sequence of words or syllables that are chanted. The aim of reciting these is to invoke a spiritual state of mind
41
What is Japa Mala?
Hindu prayer beads used to count the number of times a mantra is recited, breaths while meditating or other things
42
What is Bhajan or Kirtan?
Sacred music and dance
43
What is Homa or Havan?
A ritual wherein any religious offering is burnt
44
What is Sadhus/Sadhvis?
Hindu holy people
45
Who believes in Jivan Mukti and what is it?
Advaita When you achieve moksha in life, before you die
46
What is ahimsa?
The Hindu belief of non-violence
47
What is the difference between a linear and continuum universe?
Linear - time moves forward Continuum - time is cyclical
48
What is a mandir?
A Hindu temple
49
What are some natural Murtis?
Rivers and mountains
50
Why do some Hindus believe that murtis have god in them?
Because god is omnipresent and is in the statue
51
What are the 4 stages (ashramas) in life?
Student Householder Retired Renouncer
52
What does Varnashramadharma mean?
Varna - roles in life Ashrama - stages in life Dharma - duties in life
53
What is Jati?
Social differentiation
54
Why are most Hindus vegetarian?
They believe in Ahimsa
55
What’s the Bhagavad Gita?
A scripture that highlights the conflict between ahimsa and the duty of Dharma
56
What are some examples of ahimsa protests?
Parading Torches and signs Fasting Everyone following Ghandi
57
What are the advantages and disadvantages of ahimsa?
Being peaceful is good in general Brings good karma Gives you the moral high ground Easy to be overpowered Might forgive people who shouldn’t be forgiven Could easily give in
58
What are the 5 main yogas?
``` Bakti yoga - love Jnana yoga - knowledge Raja yoga - meditation Karma yoga - path of action Hatha yoga - self control (physical) ```
59
What yoga does dvaita and advaita focus on?
Dvaita - bakti yoga (love) Advaita - Jnana yoga (knowledge)
60
What are examples of each 5 yoga?
Bakti - singing, dancing, friendship Jnana - meditate, read scriptures Karma - selfless service, doing dharma Hatha - physical yoga Raja yoga - detachment from material goods to focus on god
61
How does Puja involve all 5 senses?
A bell - ring at the beginning to let god know you’re ready to worship Food - symbolic exchange of love Incense - purifies the air Arti lamp - used to transfer god’s blessings Holy water - used for purification
62
What is Prashad?
The food offered to the gods
63
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a mandir?
``` Community, sense of grand things, formal, more detailed statues, figures of authority Celebrations ``` ``` Distance May not be dedicated to your deity Impersonal Distractions Could be crowded Could be restricted with time ```
64
What are the advantages and disadvantages of worshipping at home?
``` More convenient Worship freely Personalisation Personal worship Family activity ``` ``` Expensive to supply supplies (kumkum powder) Distractions Lack of community Difficult to get items No authority Becomes routine, not worship ```
65
What is a Guru?
A respected person with saintly qualities who enlightens the mind of his disciple - to bring people closer to God
66
What is a Sadhu?
A holy person who renounces everything and focuses only on personal liberation
67
What is a Swami?
Religious leaders who belong in an order. ‘Swami’ replaces their family name and they set up missions, accept, train and ordain disciples to carry their traditions
68
Why do people go on pilgrimages?
Devotion To feel closer to god Relates scriptures to reality Meet with others who share the faith
69
What is a pilgrimage?
A spiritual, physical journey to a place of worship
70
What are Ashrams?
``` A place to go to escape the world Places of meditation Somewhere to move closer to God To perform yoga To reflect their lives ```
71
What is yamas and niyamas?
Yamas - list of things that you shouldn’t do Niyama - list of things you should do Together they make a list of rules to how you should live your life

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