Hinduism

Question 1

Vedas

Answer 1

earliest sacred texts of hinduism, sacrifice and rituals

Question 2

Upanishads

Answer 2

philosophical texts that explain the “hidden meanings” in the Vedas
Renunciation movement, external sacrifice less emphasised in place of internal sacrifice *brahman and atman

Question 3

Aranyakas

Answer 3

Philosophical reflections on rituals, the Vedas.

Question 4

Brahmanas (texts)

Answer 4

Ritual instructions

part of the vedas, systymization of sacrifical rituals.

Question 5

Arjuna

Answer 5

Bhagavad Gita protagonist along with Krishna, Bhakti yoga, dharma member of warrior class

Question 6

Krishna

Answer 6

god of compassion, incarnation of vishnu

Question 7

Karma-yoga

Answer 7

selfless, atcion without attachment to the results of action. BGita, Krishna

Question 8

Jñana-yoga

Answer 8

path of knowledge

Question 9

Bhakti-yoga

Answer 9

is a spiritual path or spiritual practice within Hinduism focused on loving devotion towards a deity, BGita, Krishna popular object of devotion

Question 10

Vishnu

Answer 10

god reincarnated in Krishna, god of compassion, epics in Ramayana and Mahabharata

Question 11

Atman

Answer 11

the self, part of human life that is absolute, see that atman and brahman are the same receive moksha

Question 12

Brahman

Answer 12

Absolute Reality

*upanishads impermenent, positive- bhraman as what it is, neg- what it isnt

Question 13

Shramana

Answer 13

acestics, renunciant tradition out of the ups

Indian religious movements parallel to but separate from the historical Vedic religion.

Question 14

Bhakti

Answer 14

devotionalism, according to the moods of the devote, lover-lover, master-servent- way to liberation/moksha

Question 15

Tapas

Answer 15

in Vedic hymns and rituals-Sacrificial fire seen as “inner heat” ) to burn karma & delusion

Question 16

Puja

Answer 16

sacrifice, to a personal god, displaced vadic sacrifice- bhakti

Question 17

Rishi

Answer 17

inspired poets
*vedas

Earliest Vedic literature are hymns & chants composed by Rishis (“seers”)

Question 18

brahmana (brahmin)

Answer 18

caste system, priests that did the sacrifices for order and communication to the gods *bhakti, bruta, vedas, varena- diety of priest caste

Question 19

Kshatriya

Answer 19

warrior class, patrons of religions right, indra

Question 20

Vaishya

Answer 20

3rd or fourth caste, merchants or farmers

Question 21

Shudra

Answer 21

worker class, lowest, parts were demonied

Question 22

varnas

Answer 22

4 castes 
brahmana (brahmin)
Shudra
Vaishya
Kshatriya

Question 23

4 Stages of Life

Answer 23

(ashramas)

Student
Householder
Forest Dweller
Sannyasin- life stage of renunciation

sig- intergrated material to spiritual, allowed people from various walks of life to particiapate

Question 24

4 Aims of Life

Answer 24

dharma- virtue, duty, morality
kama- pleasure, love
artha- wealth, Prosperity
moksha- liberation

religion style more relatable and accesable

Question 25

Mahabharata

Answer 25

poem that included BGita

Question 26

Maya

Answer 26

illusions | Physical world is constructed

Question 27

Rita

Answer 27

cosmic natural and social order

Question 28

Ravana

Answer 28

Ramayana embodiment of adharma unnaturalness, wrongness, evil, immorality, wickedness, and vice

Question 29

Indra

Answer 29

Vedic deity in Hinduism | warrior class, aryan god

Question 30

Soma/soma

Answer 30

diety symbolized with ugna inspired visions of poets

Question 31

Shruti

Answer 31

texts that were authorless and devine, no changing them, contrast to smirti Bhagavad-Gita- smriti, given honorary sshruti status

Question 32

Smriti

Answer 32

derivative secondary works, less important

Question 33

Aryan

Answer 33

indo-european central asian nomadic tribe, brought Vedic religion and caste system combo with natives made foundations of hindu

Question 34

Proto-Shiva

Answer 34

earilest gods

Question 35

Mohenjo-daro

Answer 35

largest of IVC Harappa

Question 36

Bhagavad-Gita

Answer 36

smriti, given honorary shruti status Arjuna- Bhagavad Gita protagonist along with Krishna, Trend towards conceiving of Absolute in personal terms Bhakti yoga, dharma member of warrior class

Question 37

Mohenjo-daro

Answer 37

largest of IVC

Question 38

Rishi

Answer 38

seers throughout the vedas inspired poet of Vedic hymns

Question 39

Shiva

Answer 39

one of the main gods | "destroyer and transformer"

Question 40

Agni

Answer 40

means fire, and connotes the Vedic fire god of Hinduism. In the Vedic literature, Agni is a major and oft invoked god along with Indra and Soma.[7][12] Agni is considered as the mouth of the gods and goddesses, and the medium that conveys offerings to them i

Question 41

Devi Rigveda

Answer 41

hymn of the Rigveda | still in use in contemporary Hinduism

Question 42

dharma

Answer 42

Four Aims of Human Life Virtue, duty, morality Living according to ethical standards

Question 43

artha

Answer 43

Four Aims of Human Life Wealth, Prosperity Success, power, prestige, security

Question 44

moksha

Answer 44

Four Aims of Human Life Liberation Liberation from samsara, the cycle of birth and death

Question 45

kama

Answer 45

Four Aims of Human Life Pleasure & Love Sensual (including sexual) enjoyments, happiness Wealth, Prosperity (artha)

Question 46

Sannyasin

Answer 46

life stage of renunciation