BUDDHISM

Question 1

4 noble truths

Answer 1

1. Suffering
   Everything is suffering- everything arises and decays, everything is impermanent=def of suffering, happiness is impermanent
2. Cause of suffering
   Ignorance
   Ignorance to the nature of impermanence
3. End of suffering
4. Way to the end of suffering

Question 2

Dharma (b)

Answer 2

teachings or truth

Question 3

4 sublime moods

Answer 3

Kindness
Compassion
Joy
Equanimity

Question 4

Pratitya-samutpada

Answer 4

“dependent origination”

ignorance - about individuality( no concept of atman, there is no self) and impermanence - impetus for cycle of samsara

states that all dharmas (“things”) arise in dependence upon other dharmas: “if this exists, that exists; if this ceases to exist, that also ceases to exist.”

Question 5

karma (b)

Answer 5

Moral and/or ritual conduct

Question 6

sangha

Answer 6

followers

Question 7

bodhi

Answer 7

enlightenment - Sidartha sits under a pipal tree & vows not to rise until

Śākyamuni’s enlightenment experience

Question 8

prajña (pañña)

Answer 8

Noble truth of Path, one of the “3 Trainings”

Wisdom/Insight
Right Thought, Understanding

Question 9

sila (shila)

Answer 9

Noble truth of Path, one of the “3 Trainings”

Morality/Ethics (śīla)
Right Speech, Action, Livelihood

Ethical conduct is to calm the mind & reduce distractions
Laypeople must observe five precepts: No killing, stealing, lying, intoxicants, sexual misconduct

sets stage for meditation

Question 10

fold Path can be summarized into the “3 Trainings”

Answer 10

sila
prajña
samadhi

Question 11

nirvāṇa

Answer 11

enlightenment through its revelation of the true nature of things

Question 12

tri-lakṣaṇa

Answer 12

three markers of existance

Impermanence (anitya)
Suffering (duḥkha)
Not-Self (anātman)

Question 13

duḥkha

Answer 13

Suffering

Suffering of Suffering
Pain, old age, illness, death, grief

Suffering of Change
Violated expectation, disappointment, impermanence of happiness

Suffering of Conditioned States
subtle form of suffering arising as a reaction to qualities of conditioned things

Question 14

anatman

Answer 14

denies the existence of a permanent or static entity that remains constant behind the changing bodily and non-bodily components of a living being

According to the anātman doctrine, there is no permanent conscious substance that experiences these thoughts

Question 15

saṃskāra

Answer 15

individual impressions, ideas, or actions; taken together, our samskaras make up our conditioning.

Question 16

pirinirvana

Answer 16

“Four Sights” or visions

outside the palace
On 4 different trips, he encounters 4 different divinely inspired “visions":
An old man
A sick man
A dead man
A wandering ascetic (shramana)

disturbed and aware of the sorrow of existence
Plans to escape his sheltered life and renounce the world

Question 17

Śākyamuni

Answer 17

one of the names of buddha

Question 18

Hinayana

Answer 18

“inferior​ vehicle”

distinguished theravada by Mahayana “inferier vehicle”

Question 19

Theravada

Answer 19

eariler buddism

“arhat” ideal, Buddha in human terms

core teachings- Noble truths 
life is suffering 
cause of suffering is attachment 
sorrow can ease 
path to stop sorrow

Question 20

triratna

Answer 20

3 jewels

Buddha - teacher
Dharma - teachings
Sangha - followers

Question 20

Anitya, Anicca

Answer 20

impermanence

all things are unsteady, constant change

Question 20

samadhi

Answer 20

path

meditation/concentration
right effort, mindfulness

Question 21

arhat

Answer 21

someone who has attained goal of religious life

Theravada ideal
Buddha in human terms

Question 22

bhikkhu

Answer 22

ordained Buddhist monk

monastic

Question 23

bodhisattva

Answer 23

Mahayana enlightenment being those on their way to becoming Buddhas mythological super heroes

Question 24

Pali

Answer 24

language of much of the earliest extant literature of Buddhism the sacred language of some religious texts of Hinduism and all texts of Theravāda Buddhism.

Question 25

Nagasena AND KING MILINDA

Answer 25

Milinda Panha Pali treatise which means "Questions of King Milinda". It deals with the conversation that took place between Sage Nagasen and King Milind in the form of questions and answers. Its author is undoubtedly Sage Nagasen, Nagasena reached enlightenment and became an arhat under his guidance.

Question 28

Nagasena AND KING MILINDA

Answer 28

Therevada Milinda Panha Pali treatise which means "Questions of King Milinda". It deals with the conversation that took place between Sage Nagasen and King Milind in the form of questions and answers. Its author is Sage Nagasen, Nagasena reached enlightenment and became an arhat under his guidance.