Hindlimb O,I,A,N Flashcards
Dorsal gluteal group
Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal
Piriformis
Deep gluteal
Gluteofemoralis (cat)
Tensor fasciae latae
Medial group
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor
External obturator
Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Caudal group
Biceps femoris
Abductor cruris caudalis
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Deep group
Internal obturator
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
How to tell if a muscle flexes the joint
If muscle is on the same side as the angle of the joint
How to tell if a muscle extends the joint
If a muscle is on the opposite side of the angle
Which muscles are most caudal and supplied by caudal gluteal nerve?
Superficial gluteal & gluteofemoralis
Superficial gluteus
Origin - sacrotuberus ligament
Insertion - 3rd trochanter
Action - extends hip jt
Nerve - caudal gluteal nerve
facts abt sacrotuberus ligament
Broad in horses - insert on 3rd trochanter
Narrow in dogs - insert to smaller 3rd trochanter
Not in cats
Middle gluteus
Origin - wing of ilium
Insertion - greater trochanter
Action - extends hip
Nerve - cranial gluteal nerve
Piriformis
Origin - sacrum & sacrotuberous lig
Insertion - greater trochanter
Action - extend hip, abduct limb
Nerve - caudal gluteal nerve
Deep gluteal
Origin - body of ilium
Insertion - greater trochanter
Action - extends hip
Nerve - cranial gluteal nerve
Deep gluteal is covered by
Middle gluteus and Piriformis
Gluteofemoralis
Present only in cat
Origin - first caudal vertebrae
Insertion - patella
Action - extend hip, abduct limb
Nerve - caudal gluteal nerve
Biceps femoris
1, 2, 3, 4,
Origin - sacrotuberous lig, ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion -
- cranial - patella indirectly via fascia lata
- middle - tibial crest
- caudal - calcanean tuberosity via calcanean tendon
Action - extends : hip, stifle, hock and flex stifle
Nerve -
- cranial - caudal gluteal nerve
- middle & caudal - tibial nerve
Abductor cruris caudalis
Origin - sacrotuberous lig
Insertion - crural fascia
Action - abduction of limb
Nerve - sciatic nerve
Semitendinosus
Origin - ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion - medial aspect of tibia, calcanean tuberosity via calcanean tendon
Action - extends hip, hock and flex stifle
Nerve - sciatic nerve
Semimembranosus
Origin - ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion -
Cranial belly - distal aspect of femur
Caudal belly - medial condyle of tibia
Action - Cr & Ca belly - extend hip
Caudal belly flexes the stifle
Nerve - sciatic nerve
Tensor fasciae latae
Origin - tuber coxae
Insertion - fascia lata
Cranial - gives rise to superficial lamina of fascia lata
Caudal - gives rise to deeper lamina of fascia lata
Action - these the fascia lata, flex hip, extend stifle
Nerve - cranial gluteal nerve
Sartorius cranial part
Origin - iliac crest
Insertion - patella
Action - extends stifle
Nerve - femoral nerve (saphenous)
Sartorius caudal part
Origin - tuber coxae
Insertion - tibial crest (medially)
Action - flexes stifle (both flex hip)
Nerve - femoral (saphenous nerve)
Quadriceps femoris parts
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis
Quadriceps femoris - rectus femoris
Origin - tuberosity cranial to acetabulum
Insertion - patellar lig via tibial tuberosity
Action - flexor of the hip, extends stifle
Nerve - femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris - vastus lateralis, intermedialis, medialis
Origin - proximal femur laterally, cranially, medially (respectively)
Insertion - patellar lig through tibial tuberosity
Action - flexes hip, extends stifle
Nerve - femoral nerve
Gracilis
Origin - pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon
Insertion - proximal craniomedial surface of tibia, calcanean tendon
Action - adductor and weak extensor of hock
Nerve - obturator nerve
Adductor
Origin - symphysial tendon, pubic tubercle
Insertion - caudal surface of femur
Action - adductor of pelvic limb
Nerve - obturator nerve
Adductor - magnus
Origin - symphysial tendon, pubic tubercle
Insertion - lateral lip of fascies aspera
Action - adductor of pelvic limb
Nerve - obturator nerve
Adductor - longus
Origin - symphysial tendon, pubic tubercle
Insertion - ventral to the inter-trochanteric ridge
Action - adductor of pelvic limb
Nerve - obturator nerve
Pectineus
Origin - iliopubic eminence
Insertion - facies aspera of femur
Action -
Nerve -
Femoral triangle features
Base, cranial, caudal, medial, lateral
Base, cranial, caudal, medial, lateral of femoral triangle
B - vascular lacuna & inguinal lig
Cr - Sartorius (caudal belly)
Ca - pectineus
Md - femoral fascia & skin
La - iliopsoas and vastus medialis
External obturator
Origin - external obturator foramen
Insertion - trochanteric fossa
Action - adduction & lateral rotation of pelvic limb at hip
Nerve - obturator
Internal obturator
Origin - internal area of obturator foramen
Insertion - trochanteric fossa
Action - lateral rotation of pelvic limb at hip
Nerve - sciatic nerve
Gemelli
Origin - spine of ischium
Insertion - trochanteric fossa
Action - rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip
Nerve - sciatic nerve
Quadratus femoris
Origin - ischium - tuber ischii
Insertion - intertrochanteric crest
Action - rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip
Nerve - sciatic nerve
Iliopsoas
Origin - lumbar vertebrae & ilium
Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
Action - flex hip
Nerve - femoral nerve
Sublumbar muscles include
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas minor
Psoas major
Iliopsoas (poisons major, iliacus)
