Hindlimb

Question 1

What are the parent veins within the hindlimb?

Answer 1

Caudal vena cava

Question 2

What arteries are present in the hindlimb?

Answer 2

Aorta
Femoral vein
Popliteus vein*
Saphenous vein (cr. and cd.)
Cranial tibial vein
Dorsal pedal vein*

Question 3

What veins are present in the hindlimb?

Answer 3

Caudal vena cava
Common iliac vein*
External/internal iliac vein
Femoral vein
Popliteal vein
Lateral saphenous vein*
Medial saphenous vein*

Question 4

What branches off the femoral vein?

Answer 4

Lateral and medial saphenous veins

Question 5

What arteries are present in the hindlimb?

Answer 5

Aorta
External/internal iliac
Femoral
Popliteal
Saphenous
Cranial tibial
Dorsal pedal*

Question 6

What is the femoral triangle?

Answer 6

Space between the sartorius and pectineus muscles on medial side of cranial hindlimb

Question 7

Where do the arteries lie?

Answer 7

Medially

Question 8

What is within the femoral triangle?

Answer 8

Femoral nerve, artery and vein

Question 9

What sites are best for taking the pulse?

Answer 9

Femoral artery

Saphenous artery

Question 10

What sites are best for taking blood samples?

Answer 10

Lateral saphenous vein
Medial saphenous vein
Femoral vein

Question 11

Why is the lateral saphenous vein ideal for taking blood?

Answer 11

It is very superficial

Question 12

Why is the medial saphenous vein good for taking blood?

Answer 12

Long, straight course and a good target

Question 13

Why is the saphenous artery good for pulse taking?

Answer 13

Very little soft tissue surrounding it

Question 14

Why is the femoral artery good for pulse taking?

Answer 14

Large and superficial

Question 15

What nerves are in the hindlimb?

Answer 15

Sciatic
Tibial
Peroneal
Obturator
Femoral

Question 16

What does the obturator nerve do?

Answer 16

Adduction of hind limbs to trunk

Question 17

What is a common cause for obturator nerve damage in cattle?

Answer 17

Large calves during parturition

Question 18

What else is damaged along with a sciatic nerve damage?

Answer 18

Peroneal and tibial nerves

Question 19

When the obturator nerve is damaged what is exhibited with the limb?

Answer 19

Over abduction of the limb

Question 20

What muscle is affected when the femoral nerve is damaged?

Answer 20

Quadriceps femoris

Question 21

What is exhibited when the femoral nerve is damaged?

Answer 21

Stifle joint fixed and cannot be extended, no weight bearing on the limb.

Question 22

What is exhibited when the sciatic nerve is damaged?

Answer 22

Abnormal gait

Question 23

How is sciatic nerve damage compensated?

Answer 23

Fixation of the stifle joint by the quadriceps femoris

Question 24

What is paralysed when the peroneal nerve is damaged?

Answer 24

Flexors of the tarsal (unopposed extension) and extensors of the digital joints (unopposed flexion)

Question 25

How is peroneal nerve damage exhibited in an animal?

Answer 25

Extension of the hock with dorsal paw surface touching ground

Question 26

What risk do intramedullary pins, for fracture repair, have to the sciatic nerve?

Answer 26

They can move and lacerate the nerve

Question 27

What is paralysed when the tibial nerve is damaged?

Answer 27

Tarsal extensors (unopposed flexion) and digital flexors (unopposed extension)