highlights Flashcards
ADEQUATE OXYGENATION DEPENDS ON?
HEALTHY AND INTACT RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
THE CVS AND RS NEED TO WORK TOGETHER BECAUSE?
THE CVS HELP IN TRANSPORTING GASES LIKE O2 AND CO2
THE TRACHEA IS A MUCOCILIARY ESCALATOR, MEANING?
IT PUSHES MUCUS AND PARTICLES TOWARDS THE LARYNX THRU COUGHING, SNEEZING, BLOWING
IT COVERS THE LUNG (INNER LAYER)
VISCERAL PLEURA
LINES THORACIC CAVITY AND HAS NERVE ENDINGS (OUTER LAYER)
PARIETAL PLEURA
SURFACE AREA OF THE LUNGS FOR GAS EXCHANGE
60-80 SQUARE METERS
WHAT ARE SURFACTANTS?
THEY LINE THE ALVEOLI WALLS AND HELPS POREVENT THEM FROM COLLAPSING (ATELECTASIS)
A NETWORK OF WHAT SURROUNDS EACH ALVEOLUS?
CAPILLARIES
WHAT DOES PULMONARY SURFACTANT DO?
REDUCES SURFACE TENSION (PREVENTS ALVEOLAR COLLAPSE DURING EXPIRATION)
A FACTOR AFFECTING VENTILATION
- IF FRESH GAS IS NOT DELIVERED TO THE ALVEOLI
- BLOOD IS NOT DELIVERED TO THE ALVEOLAR CAPILLARIES
- ALVEOLAR SURFACE IS DAMAGED
- CO2 ELIMINATION IS IMPAIRED
DECREASED COMPLIANCE OCCURS WHEN?
LUNGS AND THORAX ARE STIFF
COULD HAVING A TRACHEOSTOMY AFFECT RESISTANCE?
YES, A tracheostomy lowers resistance by giving air a shorter, easier path to the lungs.
GAS EXCHANGE IS MORE EFFICIENT WHERE?
V/Q MATCH
IMBALANCES IN V/Q RATIO CAN LEAD TO?
CRITICAL RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS
IT AFFECTS ALL BODY SYSTEMS
INEFFECTIVE GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN ALVEOLI AND PULMONARY CAPILLIARIES
EFFECTS OF V/Q MISMATCH
CHANGES AMOUNT OF O2 DELIVERED IN LIVING CELLS
ALSO CALLED DEAD SPACE VENTILATION
INADEQUATE PERFUSION
ALSO CALLED SHUNT
INADEQUATE VENTILATION
MOST COMMON SYMPTOM OF V/Q MISMATCH
DYSPNEA / SOB
WHEN IS BRADYPNEA NOTED
BEFORE THE PERIOD OF APNEA (ABSENCE OF BREATHING) OR FULL RESPIRATORY ARREST
SIGN OF MEDICAL EMERGENCY - KUSSMAUL’S RESPIRATION
AIR HUNGER
CRACKLES ARE
POPPONG, CRACKING, BUBBLING, MOIST SOUNDS
- HEARD IN INSPIRATION
RONCHI ARE
RUMBLING SOUND, HEARD IN EXPIRATION
WHEEZES ARE
HIGH-PITCH MUSICAL SOUND
- HEARD IN BOTH; MOSTLY EXPIRATION
