Higher Terpenoids

Question 1

How are terpenoids different from terpenes?

Answer 1

Terpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the formula (C5H8)n BUT
Terpenoids are derived from terpenes and bearing additional
functional groups, usually O-containing. May also be hydrogenated and/or dehydrogenated derivatives.

Question 2

How are terpenoids classified according to their isoprene units

Answer 2

According to their isoprene units

Hemiterpenoids, 1 isoprene unit
•Monoterpenoids, 2 isoprene units
•Sesquiterpenoids, 3 isoprene units
•Diterpenoids, 4 isoprene units
•Sesterterpenoids, 5 isoprene units
•Triterpenoids, 6 isoprene units
•Tetraterpenoids, 8 isoprene units
•Polyterpenoid, several isoprene units as in rubber

Question 3

Determine the number of rings

Acyclic terpenoids
Monocyclic terpenoids
Bicyclic terpenoids
Tricyclic terpenoids
Tetracyclic terpenoids

Answer 3

open structure

one ring in the structure

two rings

three rings

four rings

Question 4

How are isoprene units linked?

Answer 4

Head to head(1-1)
Head- Tail(1-4)
Tail-Head(4-4)

Question 5

What does the isoprene rule state

Answer 5

The isoprene rule, states that all terpenoids are derived from the ordered, head-to-tail joining of isoprene units.

•As seen in myrcene

Question 6

What is n irregular terpene

Answer 6

Doesn’t obey isoprene rule

Question 7

What isoprene linkage common among triterpenoids and carotenoids.

Answer 7

Head to head

Question 8

complex structures that possess minimally between 20 and 40 carbon atoms.

Answer 8

Higher terpenoids

Question 9

What terpenoids are commercial perfumes Owing to their pleasant-smelling nature

Answer 9

Mono and sesquiterpenoids

Question 10

chemical compounds containing 20 carbon atoms and belong to the terpenoid class and 4 isoprene units

Answer 10

Ditherpenoids

Question 11

the anticancer drug taxol, used in therapy against ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, with its synthetic water-soluble analogue taxotere, is an example of unusual structure discovered from what terpenoid

Answer 11

Ditherpenoid

Question 12

diterpenoid resiniferatoxin is isolated from?

Answer 12

Euphorbia resinifera

Question 13

Antiplasmodial clerodane diterpenoids have been isolated from???

Answer 13

Polyalthia longifolia

Question 14

Leucosesterterpenone and leucosterlactone are two tetracyclic sesterterpenoids isolated from

Answer 14

Leusceptrum canum.

Question 15

Between Leucosesterterpenone and leucosterlactone which is less hydrophobic

Answer 15

Sesterpenone is less than hydrophobic lactone

Question 16

C30 constituents abundant in nature, particularly in resins, and may occur as either esters or glycosides.

Answer 16

Triterpenoids

Question 17

Which plant sterol shrinks the prostate

Answer 17

beta-sitosterol

Question 18

What is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Addison’s disease and various inflammatory conditions

Answer 18

Liquorice and glycyrrhetinic acid

because of their inhibitory effects of deoxycorticosterone conjugation.

Question 19

How does liquorice lead to hypertension and high Potassium levels hypertension and muscle weakness

Answer 19

Glycyrrhizinic acid in licorice deactivates the protective enzyme in the kidney. Without this enzyme present to break down cortisol, cortisol successfully signals to the kidneys to get rid of potassium and retain sodium and water.

Question 20

Importance of carotenoid to plants

Answer 20

with chlorophyll, carotenes participate in photosynthesis, but also occur in other non-photosynthetic plant organs such as the carrot.

Question 21

Importance of carotenoid to animals

Answer 21

Enzymic hydrolysis of β-carotene in the liver of animals leads to Vitamin A formation.