Higher Level Gait disorder Flashcards
describe the upper body movement during the gait cycle
Trunk twists around a vertical axis
Pelvis rotates (12)
Upper trunk in opposite direction
Arms out of phase with legs
gait parameters
stance phase
swing phase
stance time
swing time
cadence
step length
stride length
step time
gait cycle
stride time
average gait velocity
function of Mesencephalic locomotor region
receives afferents from basal ganglia, limbic system, sensorimotor cortex, and connects spinal circuitry via reticulospinal tract.
function of Pontine locomotor regions
postural tone
function of subthalamic region
modulation of locomotor patterns
function reticular formation
temporal and spatial co-ordination of movement
purpose of basal ganglia
Initiation and termination of movement
purpose of cerebral cortex
Motor planning
Visuomotor
co-ordination
Cognitive aspects of motor control
gait pattern is the integration of what cognitive abilities
Attention, planning and memory
Integration of motor, perceptual and cognitive processes
what afferent feedback is received during gait
Somatosensory
Visual
Vestibular
what is reduced regarding age related changes in gait
Velocity (norm 1.5m/s)
Step/stride length
Arm swing
Pelvic rotation
Heel-strike
Reaction time
what is increased regarding age related changes in gait
Double support time (norm 60% gait cycle)
Cadence (norm 110 steps/min)
Time needed to travel
what is the anatomical correlation of higher level gait disorder
higher - cortex different patterns cautious, parkinsonian, ataxic,
higher -subcortical - spastic, magnetic, gait ignition failure, disequilibrium
characteristics of higher level gait disorder
Difficulties with initiation
Shuffling gait
Bradykinesia
Freezing
Demonstrate wide BOS +/-
Deteriorating postural responses/ balance
Tendency to retropulsion
higher level gait disorder descriptors
Gait apraxia
Frontal ataxia
Frontal disequilibrium
Frontal gait disorder
Subcortical disequilibrium
‘Marche a petit pas’
Vascular pseudoparkinsonism
Senile Gait
Lower body Parkinsonism
Ateriosclerotic Parkinsonism
Cautious gait
Isolated gait ignition failure