Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Neurology > Higher cortical functions > Flashcards

Higher cortical functions Flashcards

1
Q

Wakefulness is disrupted in lesions of the:

A. Brainstem reticular formation
B. Bilateral thalami
C. Bilateral cerebral cortex
D. AOTA

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dressing apraxia and left hemineglect are prominent features of lesions in the:

A. Frontal lobes
B. Right thalamus
C. Right parietal
D. Non-dominant temporal

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A type of higher cortical impairment wherein a patient can describe objects in their visual field in detail (color, texture, shape) but are unable to recognize the specific objects.

A. Visual agnosia
B. Apraxia
C. Astereognosia
D. Anosognosia

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Patients with this kind of aphasia are unable to perform repetition due to a lesion in the arcuate fasciculus (or rather the extreme capsule on MR diffusion tensor imaging)

A. Transcortical sensory aphasia
B. Disconnection syndrome
C. Conduction aphasia
D. Wernicke’s aphasia

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Despite a lateralized cerebral dominance for aspects such as music, math abilities, and facial recognition, both the right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other and share information through this all important structure

A. Corpus callosum
B. Falx cerebri
C. Foramen of Monroe
D. Arcuate fasciculus

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brain area in the inferior frontal lobe responsible for speech production and articulation

A. Wernicke’s area
B. Broca’s area
C. Arcuate fasciculus
D. Fasciculus cuneatus

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Denotes utter denial of an obvious handicap or illness such as hemiplegia or even blindness

A. Anosognosia
B. Astereognosia
C. Visual agnosia
D. Hemineglect

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Echolalia, palilalia, and neologisms are often seen in lesions of the:

A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Asking for a historical event or a verifiable personal event (What school did you last attend?) tests:

A. Immediate memory
B. Recent memory
C. Delayed memory
D. Remote memory

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mini-Mental Status Examination is equivalent to doing a full higher cortical function testing:

A. True
B. False
C. Sometimes
D. All of the time

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After emanating from the internal capsules, the electrical signals that represent the superior halves of a visualized object travel within the:

A. Superior optic radiations
B. Corona radiate
C. Inferior optic radiations
D. Corpus callosum

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 signs seen in Gerstmann syndrome?

A. Agraphia 
B. Alexia
C. Right-left confusion 
D. Acalculia
E. Finger agnosia
A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

“This exam is so ‘waleykomasagutanpagodnakowpowz’” – is an example of:

A. Global aphasia
B. Autocorrect error
C. Conduction aphasia
D. Neologism

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reading a quote attributed to Yoda or Morgan Freeman will activate this area in your brain either in your own voice or in their’s.

A. Supramarginal gyrus
B. Lingual gyrus
C. Angular gyrus
D. Fusiform gyrus

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

“Raedning this sentence is meda pssobile” by the integrity of the:

A. Supramarginal gyrus
B. Lingual gyrus
C. Angular gyrus
D. Fusiform gyrus

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alexia with or without agraphia results from damage to this structure:

A. Supramarginal gyrus
B. Lingual gyrus
C. Angular gyrus
D. Fusiform gyrus

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Planning a romantic getaway with precise timing of roses and a string quartet requires the:

A. Frontal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Insula
D. Parietal lobe

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When faced with a difficult multiple choice question you know completely nothing about, you would rely on which structure to “choose the best answer”?

A. Orbitofrontal cortex
B. Anterior cingulate cortex
C. Both A & B
D. Neither A nor B

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The association cortex of all other association cortices

A. Supramarginal gyrus
B. Lingual gyrus
C. Angular gyrus
D. Fusiform gyrus

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Happiness is a choice. Becoming a doctor is a decision. This part of your brain is at work:

A. Hippocampus
B. Amygdala
C. Ventral tegementum
D. Prefrontal cortex

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The Mental Status Examination describes the sum total of the examiner’s observations and impressions of the psychiatric patient:

A. During the past month
B. Over the past 2 weeks
C. At the time of the examination
D. From the patient’s last visit up to the present

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The patient’s Mental Status Examination:

A. Can change from hour to hour
B. Should remain the same from one examination to the next
C. Is stable if the patient is incoherent
D. Is expected to be the same if the patient has not yet undergone treatment

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The level of rapport established with the patient may be recorded in this part of the Mental Status Examination

A. Overt behavior
B. Appearance
C. Attitude toward examiner
D. Affect

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Statements about the patient’s mood should include:

A. Fluctuations
B. Intensity
C. Duration
D. AOTA

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A patient would only ride jeepneys with plate numbers adding up to an even number. This would be reported in which part of the Mental Status Examination?

A. Perception
B. Thought content
C. Thought process
D. Orientation

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A false sensory perception based on natural stimulation of a sensory receptor is called what?

A

Illusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A false sensory perception not based on natural stimulation of a sensory receptor is called what?

A

Hallucination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A false belief that reason cannot dispel is called what?

A

Delusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The inability to perform a voluntary act even though the motor system, sensory system, and mental status are relatively intact

A

Apraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The aphasia where a patient can speak fluently and understand

what you say but cannot repeat what you ask her to repeat is

A. Wernicke’s aphasia

B. Broca’s aphasia

C. Conduction aphasia

D. Global aphasia

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Asking what the patient would do if they get somebody else’s mail is

an example of a test for the patient’s…

A. Intelligence

B. Abstract reasoning

C. Judgment

D. Insight

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Part of brain that focuses attention on what is important and sustains it

A

Basal nucleus of Meynert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert are associated with which neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine

34
Q

The basal nucleus is inferior the thalamus. T/F

A

T

35
Q

(Hyperstimulation/hypostimulation) in one FEF will result in forced gaze deviation to the contralateral side.

A

Hyperstimulation

36
Q

Hypofunctioning of one FEF will result in forced gaze

deviation to the (ipsilateral/contralateral) side.

A

Ipsilateral

37
Q

If a person can answer simple question and

carry out command but is easily distracted and

unable to pursue sustained activities, which of the

following is/are intact in this individual?

A. Attention

B. Vigilance

C. Alertness

D. All of the Above

A

C

38
Q

Which of the following neural components

release a chemical most relevant to both memory

and general attention?

A. Nucleus Locus Ceruleus

B. Brainstem Raphe Nuclei

C. Tuberomamillary Nucleus

D. Nucleus Basalis of Meynert

A

B

39
Q

Which part of the cerebrum shows high activity in emotionally distressed people?

A

Right prefrontal cortex

40
Q

Nucleus accumbens is located at the basal junction of which structures?

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

41
Q

Pleasure is associated with: nucleus accumbens or left prefrontal cortex?

A

Nucleus accumbens

42
Q

Damage in which part of the cerebrum results in: Inability to detect errors, emotional instability, inattention, akinetic mutism?

A

Anterior cingulate gyrus

43
Q

Which part of the cerebrum shows high activity in infants who were not abandoned by their mothers and monks who meditate?

A

Left prefrontal cortex

44
Q

Mini-Mental Status Examination is equivalent to

doing a full higher cortical function testing.

A. True

B. False

C. Sometimes

D. All the time

A

B

45
Q

Echolalia, palilalia, and neologisms are often

seen in testing lesions of the

A. Frontal lobe

B. Parietal lobe

C. Temporal lobe

D. Occipital lobe

A

C

46
Q

Dressing apraxia and left hemineglect are

prominent features of lesion in the

A. Frontal lobes

B. Right thalamus

C. Right parietal

D. Non-dominant temporal

A

C

47
Q

Denotes utter denial of an obvious handicap or

illness such as hemiplegia or even blindness

A. Anosognosia

B. Astereognosia

C. Visual agnosia

D. Hemineglect

A

A

48
Q

The primary olfactory center of the brain is found

within which cortical area?

A. Entorrhinal

B. Parahippocampus

C. Periamygdaloid

D. Frontal

A

B

49
Q

Olfactory hallucinations are commonly

associated with what other pathology?

A. Nasal congestion

B. Gliomas

C. Blindness

D. Seizure disorders

A

A

50
Q

The proper sequence of steps/tests done before

a patient is said to have blindness:

A. Counting fingers > Perception of direction of

light > Appreciation of hand movements >

Perception of light > If still nothing seen,

blind

B. Counting of fingers > Appreciation of

hand movements > Perception of

direction of light > Perception of light > If

still nothing seen, blind

C. Counting fingers > Perception of light >

Appreciation of hand movements >

Perception of direction of light > If still

nothing seen, blind

D. None of the above

A

B

51
Q

Whether you are extremely anxious or furious

at how the examination questions were constructed,

this part of your brain calms you down so you can

choose the best answer:

A. Amygdala

B. Prefrontal cortex

C. Stria terminalis

D. Locus ceruleus

A

B

52
Q

Executive functions, such as the capability to

plan and organize, are “localized” in the

A. Frontal lobe

B. Temporal lobe

C. Parietal lobe

D. Occipital lobe

A

A

53
Q

To be able to choose the best answer among

seemingly similar test choices requires

A. A functional prefrontal cortex- so you can be

happy with your choice

B. A functional prefrontal cortex- so you

suppress the intense feelings you have for

neurology and focus on answering the exam

questions

C. A functional anterior cingulate cortex- to

discern what’s right from wrong

D. A functional orbitofrontal cortex-to decide on

the answer to shade in

A

C

54
Q

The supramarginal gyrus on your dominant

brain hemisphere

A. Is reading aloud this exam question on

your head

B. Is the evolutionary breakthrough that

elevates you above the Neanderthal

C. Caps the superior temporal sulcus

D. Can cause alexia without agraphia, if

damaged

A

A

55
Q

The angular gyrus

A. Combines integrated auditory and visual

inputs to allow literacy

B. Caps the Sylvian fissure

C. Is synonymous with Wernicke’s area

D. Is located in the temporal lobe

A

A

56
Q

The posterior parietal cortex

A. Lies within the so-called dorsal stream of

“what” pathway

B. Allows for integration of what is seen and

felt with one’s movements

C. Is the seat of happiness

D. Is activated when someone clicks “like” on

your Facebook comment

A

B

57
Q

Procedural memory for the correct technique of

the neurological examination

A. Is found within the posterior parietal cortex

B. Is best stored in the supplementary

motor area to pass the OSCE

C. Is conveyed by the occipitotemporal fibers

D. Is located in the dorsolateral prefrontal

cortex

A

D

58
Q

Paying attention to the lecturer at the podium of

BSLR-East

A. Depends on an intact medial longitudinal

fasciculus and PPRF

B. Does not require activating your frontal eye

fields

C. Is hindered by too little electrical activity

in your ascending reticular activating

system

D. Is directed by your intraparietal sulcus

A

C

59
Q

Pricking your patient’s skin with a pin is actually

testing the integrity of

A. Corticospinal tract

B. Spinothalamic tract

C. Dorsal columns

D. Myotome

A

B

60
Q

The neurons that decussate in the

somatosensory pathway are found in

A. Dorsal root ganglion

B. Dorsal horn

C. Thalamus

D. Pyramid

A

B

61
Q

On neurologic examination, the patient

responded only to pain by withdrawal of the right

upper extremity. Which of the following levels of

consciousness best describe the patient’s condition?

A. Awake

B. Drowsy

C. Stuporous

D. Comatose

E. Acute confusional state

A

C

62
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Acute confusional state is an

acute onset of acquired mental disorder

characterized by deficits in attention and coherence

of thought and action?

A. True

B. False

A

A

63
Q

The following are components of sensorium

EXCEPT:

A. Consciousness

B. Orientation

C. Memory

D. Insight, judgment and planning

E. Motor response

A

E

64
Q

TRUE or FALSE: In defining dementia,

cognitive deficits that are exclusively due to delirium,

restricted brain lesions and psychiatric disorders

must be excluded.

A. True

B. False

A

A

65
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Prominent cognitive decline

should be the only consideration in evaluating

patients for the presence of dementia.

A. True

B. False

A

B

66
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Patient odor can provide

important clues to the etiology.

A. True

B. False

A

A

67
Q

Removal of which part of the brain cause reduced aggression (calm, placid) and reduced emotional responsiveness (failure to show anger nor frustration when expectations fall short)?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

68
Q

The primary auditory area is found where?

A

Posterior half of superior temporal gyrus

69
Q

Wernicke’s area is found where?

A

Posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus near Sylvian fissure, encircling primary auditory cortex

70
Q

Most people have Wenicke’s area in which side of the brain?

A

Left

The dominant side

71
Q

Function of Wernicke’s area

A

Processing of speech sounds and associating these with

concepts / meaning (words)

72
Q

Broca’s area is located in which part of the brain?

A

Pars triangularis and pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus

73
Q

Which side of the brain is Broca’s area located?

A

The dominant side

74
Q

Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area are found unilaterally, on the same side of the brain. T/F

A

T

75
Q

Speaking: Wernicke’s area or Broca’s area?

A

Broca’s area

76
Q

Comprehending speech: Wernicke’s area or Broca’s area?

A

Wernicke’s area

77
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for the voice you hear in your head when reading?

A

Supramarginal gyrus

78
Q

Gertsmann syndrome is a lesion on which part of the brain?

A

Left supramarginal gyrus

79
Q

Which area is the association area for association areas?

A

Angular gyrus

80
Q

The inability to understand or express words as symbols for communication, even though the primary sensorimotor pathways to receive and express language and the mental status are relatively intact.

A

Aphasia

81
Q

The general term for failure of a mentally

intact Pt with intact sensory pathways to understand the meaning of a stimulus is ____

A

Agnosia

82
Q

The general term for failure of a mentally intact, nonparalyzed Pt to execute such voluntary acts is
____.

A

Apraxia

Clinical Neurology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions