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USMLE_STEP1 > HIGH YIELDS > Flashcards

HIGH YIELDS Flashcards

1
Q

name the disease: abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

budd-chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

name the disease: achilles tendon xanthoma

A

familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)

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3
Q

name the disease: adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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4
Q

name the disease: arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

marfan’s syndrome (fibrillin defect)

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5
Q

name the disease: athlete with polycythemia

A

secondary to EPO injection

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6
Q

name the disease: back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Pott’s disease (vertebral TB)

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7
Q

name the disease: bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)

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8
Q

name the disease: blue sclera

A

OI (type I collagen defect)

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9
Q

name the disease: bluish line on gingiva

A

burton’s line (lead poisoning)

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10
Q

name the disease: bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

paget’s dz of bone (increased osteoblastic & osteoclastic activity)

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11
Q

name the disease: bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

aortic regurgitation

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12
Q

name the disease: butterfly facial rash & raynaud’s phenomenon in young female

A

SLE

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13
Q

name the disease: cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

NF type I (+pheochromocytoma, optic glioma)

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14
Q

name the disease: calf pseudohypertrophy

A

muscular dystrophy (MC duchenne’s ): x linked recessive deletion of the dystrophin gene

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15
Q

name the disease: cherry-red spot on macula

A

Tay-sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

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16
Q

name the disease: chest pain on exertion

A

angina (stable: w/ moderate exeertion; unstable: w/ minimal exertion)

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17
Q

name the disease: chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler’s syndrome (AI-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, ~12 wks after acute episode)

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18
Q

name the disease: child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gower’s sign (duchenne muscular dystrophy)

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19
Q

name the disease: child w/ fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

slapped cheeks (erythema infectiousum/fifth dz: parovirus B19

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20
Q

name the disease: chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

huntington’s dz (AD CAG repeat expansion)

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21
Q

name the disease: chronic exercise intolerance w/ myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria?

A

McArdle’s dz (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

22
Q

name the disease: cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

23
Q

name the disease: conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral (MS), unilateral (stroke)

24
Q

name the disease: continuous machinery heart murmur

A

PDA (close w/ indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol)

25
Q

name the disease: cutaneous / dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, graves’ dz (pretibial)

26
Q

name the disease: dark purple skin/mouth nodules

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (usually AIDS pts (men who have sex with men); assoc. w/ HHV8

27
Q

term for deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation?

A

Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)

28
Q

dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

Pellagra (niacin-B3 deficiency)

29
Q

name the disease: dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

wet beriberi (thiamine B1 deficiency)

30
Q

name the disease: dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

31
Q

name the disease: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren’s syndrome (AI destruction of exocrine glands)

32
Q

name the disease: dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-vinson syndrome (may progress to squamous cell carcinoma)

33
Q

name the disease: elastic skin hypermobility of joints

A

Ehlers-danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)

34
Q

term for enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow’s node (abdominal metastasis)

35
Q

name the disease: erythroderma, LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

sezary syndrome (cutaneous t-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides

36
Q

term for facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek’s sign (hypocalcemia)

37
Q

name the disease: fat, female, forty, & fertile

A

cholelithiasis

38
Q

name the disease: fever, chills, headache, following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

39
Q

name the disease: fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

measles

40
Q

name the disease: fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

41
Q

name the disease: fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

Peyronie’s dz (c.t. disorder)

42
Q

name the disease: gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, XLR)

43
Q

name the disease: green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings (cu accumulation in wilson’s dz)

44
Q

name the disease: hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

A

Peutz-jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk, mainly GI)

45
Q

name the disease: hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

A

gaucher’s dz (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

46
Q

name the disease: hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

A

alports syndrome (mutation in alpha chain of type IV collagen)

47
Q

name the disease: hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

A

Kluver-bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

48
Q

name the disease: hyperreflexia, hypertonia, babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

49
Q

name the disease: hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN damage

50
Q

name the disease: hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

blue bloater (chronic bronchitis; hyperplasia of mucous cells)

51
Q

name the disease: indurated ulcerated genital lesion

A

nonpainful = chancre (syphlis)

painful w/ exudate = chancroid (Hameophilus ducreyi)

52
Q

name the disease: infant w/ cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

Patau’s syndrome (trisomy 13)

USMLE_STEP1 (5 decks)

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