High Yield MSK Things Flashcards
What nerve root would be affected if the bicep reflex is not present?
C5
What nerve root would be affected if the brachioradialis reflex is not present?
C6
What nerve root would be affected if the tricep reflex is not present?
C7
What nerve root would be affected if the achilles reflex is not present?
S1
What nerve root would be affected if the patellar reflex is not present?
L4
What nerve root would be affected if the bulbocavernosus reflex is not present?
S2-4
A patient is having trouble abducting their shoulder and flexing their elbow. What nerve root is this?
C5
A patient is having trouble flexing their elbow and extending their wrist what nerve root is this?
C6
A patient is having trouble extending their elbow and flexing their wrist and extending their fingers. What nerve root is this?
C7
A patient is having trouble with finger abduction, adduction, and flexion. What nerve root is this?
C8
A patient is having trouble with foot dorsiflexion. What nerve root is this?
L4
A patient is having trouble with big toe extension. What nerve root is this?
L5
A patient is having trouble with anal sphincter tone. What nerve root is this?
S2-4
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?
Caucasian/asian-smaller bone structure
smoking
malnutrition
decreased physical activity
Which cancers metastasize to the bone?
Breast
Lung
Thyroid
Kidney
Prostate
How is dermatomyositis diagnosed?
(not specific labs): ESR elevated, aldolase, creatinine kinase
Anti-mi
Anti-Jo
Anti-SRP
MRI
EMG
Muscle biopsy can be helpful but is not necessary
What are the seronegative spondyloarthritis? (negative for RF)
ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthritis
reactive arthritis
arthritis associated with IBD
undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy
key words for bone tumors
nidus <1.5 cm: osteoid osteoma but improves with NSAIDs, nidus >2 cm = osteoblastoma
osteochondroma = cartilage-capped projection
enchondroma = in bone marrow
chondroblastoma: well-defined with sclerotic border
fibrous dysplasia: ground glass appearance
ossifying fibroma: well-circumscribed intracortical
non-ossifying fibroma: small, well-defined, eccentric, lytic
unicameral bone cyst: fallen leaf
aneurysmal: eggshell or soap bubble
osteosarcoma: moth eaten
chondrosarcoma: endosteal scalloping
ewing: onion skin
SLE lab studies
anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith
(also anti-SSB and anti-SSA but shared with sjogren)
chondroblastoma mets
lungs (benign)
Work up for osteoblastoma
xray followed by CT to determine size and extent
management of torticollis
remove underlying etiology
conservative therapy with NSAIDs, benzos, or other muscle relaxants
botox injections if unresponsive to conservative
if failure of botox, surgical release of SCM, selective denervation, dorsal cord stimulation
OA does not cause an elevation in what?
ESR. It is not inflammatory
Diagnostic modality of choice for OA
Radiographs
Treatment of OA
assistive devices
exercise program
weight loss
acetaminophen
can use voltaren gel
meloxican
intra-articular steroids
surgery
hyaluronic acid
when would you treat gout
treat arthritis with NSAIDs and use colchicene when symptomatic
when would you use corticosteroids for gout?
acute attack
if contrainidcation to NSAIDs
can use intra-articular injection of triamcinolone
when would you use urate-lowering therapy for gout and what are the drugs
acute arthritis
tophaceous deposits
CKD
minimum below 6
allopurinol and uloric
when would you use probenacid for gout
when xanthine oxide inhibitor cannot be used or does not reach
don’t use if crcl <50 mL/min
Moa increase uric acid excretion by kidney
ra
inflammatory disease with synovitis of multiple joints
pathologic findings in RA
formation of a pannus
clinical presentation of RA
symmetrical swelling for 30 minutes in AM and may recur after inactivity