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High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Fever / anemia / thrombocytopenia / AKI / AMS

A

TTP / tx is plasmapheresis with iv corticosteroids

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2
Q

Clonus / hyperreflexia / mydriasis / diaphoresis

A

Serotonin syndrome / tx with benzos, hydration/cooling, cyproheptadine

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3
Q

Ototoxic drugs

A

Aminoglycosides
Loop diuretics
Platinum chemo

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4
Q

Conjunctivitis in first 5 days of life

A

Gonococcal / tx with ceftriaxone (or cefotaxime if hyperbili)

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5
Q

Simple febrile seizure

A

6mo to 5yrs
1 in 24 hours
Duration <15 min
Generalized

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6
Q

Severe malaria subtype

A

P falciparum
Tx with IV quinine / doxy

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7
Q

Tx for malaria (ovale / vivax)

A

Primaquine

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8
Q

Tx for RMSF

A

Doxy

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9
Q

Babesiosis tx

A

Atovaquone + azithro

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10
Q

Ring enhancing lesions on head CT / MRI

A

Toxo - dx with IgM (early) IgG (late)
Tx with Pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine

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11
Q

Viral meningitis findings

A

High protein
Lymphocytes
Gram stain negative

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12
Q

Tx for patient with fluke (river blindness)

A

Ivermectin

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13
Q

Painless genital ulcer

A

Syphilis
Vdrl first
Fta second

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14
Q

Frothy green dc / punctuate lesions on cervix

A

Trichomonas

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15
Q

Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia

A

Adrenal crisis / addisons

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16
Q

Hyper / hypocalcemia

A

Hypercalcemia causes
Hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy
Granulomatous disease
Thiazide diuretics
Lithium

Hypocalcemia
Hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
Sepsis
Renal failure
Pancreatitis (causes saponification of pancreas)
Rhabdomyolysis (complexes with phosphate)

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17
Q

Thyroid storm meds order

A

Block peripheral thyroid hormone effect: Propranolol 1-2 mg IV q10min as needed
Block thyroid hormone production: Propylthiouracil (PTU) (600-100 mg orally)
Inhibit thyroid hormone release: Iodine (wait 1 h after PTU)
Inhibit conversion of T4 to T3: Dexamethasone (2 mg IV q6h)

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18
Q

Joint fluid wbc count
Inflammatory
Septic

A

Inflammatory: wbc 200-50k
Septic: >50k

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19
Q

Rheumatic fever major criteria

A

J<3NES (need 2 major)
Joints
Carditis
Nodules
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea

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20
Q

Abdominal signs
Grey Turner
Kehr
Cullens

A

Grey turner: flank discoloration - hemorrhagic pancreatitis or retroperitoneal hematoma
Kehrs: L shoulder pain from spleen
Cullens: periumbilical ecchymosis

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21
Q

Absolute contraindications to TPA

A

Active bleeding
CVA within 6 mo
Hemorrhagic CVA ever
Head/spine surgery in past 2 mo
Brain tumor, aneurysm, AV malformation
Suspected aortic dissection

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22
Q

Antidote for arsenic, lead, mercury poisoning

A

BAL, DMS

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23
Q

Aspirin, barbiturate OD antidote

A

Alkaline diuresis, HD

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24
Q

Tx for HACE

A

O2, dex, descent

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25
1+ somatic sxs that cause distress / psychosocial impairment Xs thoughts about the sxs >6 mo
Somatic symptom disorder
26
Loss of motor or sensory function often triggered by an acute stressor
Functional neurological symptom disorder (prev conversion disorder)
27
Minimal somatic sxs but significant distress about having or acquiring a serious illness
Illness anxiety disorder (prev hypochondriasis)
28
Tx for Tylenol OD 8-24 hrs after ingestion
NAC while awaiting Tylenol level, can stop after if low
29
Acid base disturbance pyloric stenosis
Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis (fluid losses from stomach aka HCl)
30
Post transplant infections: 1st month Months 2-6 >6 mo
1st: nosocomial (staph, strep, pseudomonas) 2-6: cmv, ebv, listeria, pneumocystis, fungi >6: chronic cmv, ebv, hsv, hep, vzv, toxo
31
Cyclosporine toxicity
Hyperkalemia, nephrotoxicity
32
Rash, hyperbili, diarrhea post transplant
GVHD
33
Hemodialysis for OD
Alcohols, salicylates, lithium, theophyline
34
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella Lobar, copd, alcoholics, diabetics
35
Staccato cough
Chlamydia pneumonia Conjunctivitis in neonates
36
Fungi locations Southwest MS river valley Southeast
Southwest = coccidiodomycosis MS = histo Southeast = blasto
37
Light criteria Protein pleural:serum protein LDH
Transudate: (inc hydrostatic / dec oncotic pressure) -protein <3 -pleural:serum protein <0.5 -LDH: <200 Exudate: -protein >3 -pleural:serum protein >.5 -LDH >200
38
TOF
VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, RVH
39
Peds ACLS: defib dose cardioversion dose ETT size
defib: 2J/kg cardioversion: 0.5J/kg ETT: (16+age) / 4 (uncuffed)
40
Le fort fractures
Le fort I: upper dental arch is mobile (not nose) Le fort II: upper dental arch and nose are mobile (not zygoma) Le fort III: entire face is mobile
41
Salter fractures
S = slipped A = above L = lower T = through R = ram
42
bennets fracture rolando fracture
bennets: axial load with hand closed -base of thumb at MCP joint, intra-articular w/ dislocation/subluxation of CMC joint rolando: intra-articular metacarpal fx, no dislocation of CMC joint *both need thumb spica and emergent ortho referral
43
colles fracture
most common fx in adults >50 -distal radius fx at the metaphysis, dorsal displacement
44
perilunate vs lunate dislocation
lunate = spilled teacup sign lunate: lunate displaced volarly perilunate: capitate displaced dorsally
45
Monteggia / Galeazzi
MUGR Monteggia = ulnar fx Galeazzi = radial fx
46
Dancer's / Jones fractures
base of 5th metatarsal -dancers: avulsion fx, doesn't involve joint - ortho shoe -jones: prox diaphysis - needs ORIF/cast
47
Common bugs, bone/joint infections Neonates IVDA sickle cell foot puncture cat bites fresh water diabetic foot human bite reptile bite
Neonates: GBS IVDA: pseudomonas sickle cell: GNR, salmonella foot puncture: pseudomonas cat bites: pasteurella fresh water: aeromonas diabetic foot: polymicrobial human bites: eikenella, staph/strep, anaerobes reptile: salmonella
48
Nerve roots in arm; reflex, sensory, motor
C5: biceps reflex, deltoid, deltoid/biceps C6: biceps/brachioradialis reflex, thumb/index, biceps/wrist extensors C7: triceps reflex, long finger, triceps C8: little finger, finger adduction T1: medial arm, finger abduction
49
Nerve roots in leg: reflex, sensory, motor
L4: knee jerk reflex, medial leg, knee extension L5: dorsum foot / big toe, foot dorsiflexion S1: ankle jerk, lateral foot/sole, foot plantarflexion
50
unstable c-spine fractures
Jefferson bit off a hangman's thumb J: jefferson (burst fracture C1) B: bifacet dislocation +/- fx O: odontoid types II and III A: any fracture/dislocation H: hangman's (posterior C2) T: teardrop fx
51
complete motor paralysis, loss of pain/temp, vibration + proprioception preserved
anterior cord syndrome
52
ipsilateral weakness /loss of position/vibration + contralateral pain/temp loss
brown sequard
53
weakness arms >legs, some dec sensation, sacral sparing
central cord, hyperextension injury
54
tx for acute angle closure glaucoma
dec aqueous humor production -topical BB (timolol) -alpha-agonist (apraclonidine) -acetazolamide topical miotic -pilocarpine (use after IOP decreased)
55
EOM nerves
II: optic III: oculomotor; pupil constriction, raises eyelid, most eye motions except lateral rectus + sup oblique IV: trochlear; sup oblique (abduction/intorsion) VI: abducens; lateral rectus
56
cherry red spot on macula
CRAO; sudden painless monocular vision loss, mostly embolic
57
retinal hemorrhage/cotton wool spots
CRVO; more gradual onset, no acute treatment
58
sudden onset vision loss w/ painful eye movements + APD, unilateral optic disc edema
optic neuritis; MS until proven otherwise
59
brudzinskis / kernigs signs
brudzinski: flexion of hips caused by passive flexion of the neck kernig: pain in hamstrings causes inability to straighten leg when hip is flexed to 90 deg
60
urine findings > renal failure type RBC casts WBC casts eosinophils granular casts hyaline casts
RBC casts: glomerular disease > nephritis syndrome WBC casts: interstitium > pyelo, AIN eosinophils: interstitium > AIN granular casts: tubule > ATN hyaline casts: pre/post renal
61
HBV markers HBsAg HBsAb HBeAg HBcAb
HBsAg: active infection HBsAb: pos after clearance of HbsAg HBeAg: high infectivity HBcAb: hx of HBV infection
62
Diving Ascent Descent
Ascent: air embolism, decompression illness Descent: squeeze syndromes, nitrogen narcosis
63
parkland formula
4ml x kg x % BSA > 1/2 volume over first 8 hours
64
radiation exposure 48 hr ALC
>1200 (v good) 300-1200 (possibly lethal) <300 (lethal)
65
non-gap metabolic acidosis
HARD UP Hypoaldosteronism Acetazolamide RTA Diarrhea Ureterosigmoidostomy Pancreatic fistula
66
reed sternberg cells
hodgkin lymphoma (better survival than non-hodgkin)

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