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High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Fever / anemia / thrombocytopenia / AKI / AMS

A

TTP / tx is plasmapheresis with iv corticosteroids

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2
Q

Clonus / hyperreflexia / mydriasis / diaphoresis

A

Serotonin syndrome / tx with benzos, hydration/cooling, cyproheptadine

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3
Q

Ototoxic drugs

A

Aminoglycosides
Loop diuretics
Platinum chemo

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4
Q

Conjunctivitis in first 5 days of life

A

Gonococcal / tx with ceftriaxone (or cefotaxime if hyperbili)

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5
Q

Simple febrile seizure

A

6mo to 5yrs
1 in 24 hours
Duration <15 min
Generalized

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6
Q

Severe malaria subtype

A

P falciparum
Tx with IV quinine / doxy

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7
Q

Tx for malaria (ovale / vivax)

A

Primaquine

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8
Q

Tx for RMSF

A

Doxy

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9
Q

Babesiosis tx

A

Atovaquone + azithro

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10
Q

Ring enhancing lesions on head CT / MRI

A

Toxo - dx with IgM (early) IgG (late)
Tx with Pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine

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11
Q

Viral meningitis findings

A

High protein
Lymphocytes
Gram stain negative

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12
Q

Tx for patient with fluke (river blindness)

A

Ivermectin

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13
Q

Painless genital ulcer

A

Syphilis
Vdrl first
Fta second

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14
Q

Frothy green dc / punctuate lesions on cervix

A

Trichomonas

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15
Q

Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia

A

Adrenal crisis / addisons

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16
Q

Hyper / hypocalcemia

A

Hypercalcemia causes
Hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy
Granulomatous disease
Thiazide diuretics
Lithium

Hypocalcemia
Hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
Sepsis
Renal failure
Pancreatitis (causes saponification of pancreas)
Rhabdomyolysis (complexes with phosphate)

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17
Q

Thyroid storm meds order

A

Block peripheral thyroid hormone effect: Propranolol 1-2 mg IV q10min as needed
Block thyroid hormone production: Propylthiouracil (PTU) (600-100 mg orally)
Inhibit thyroid hormone release: Iodine (wait 1 h after PTU)
Inhibit conversion of T4 to T3: Dexamethasone (2 mg IV q6h)

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18
Q

Joint fluid wbc count
Inflammatory
Septic

A

Inflammatory: wbc 200-50k
Septic: >50k

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19
Q

Rheumatic fever major criteria

A

J<3NES (need 2 major)
Joints
Carditis
Nodules
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea

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20
Q

Abdominal signs
Grey Turner
Kehr
Cullens

A

Grey turner: flank discoloration - hemorrhagic pancreatitis or retroperitoneal hematoma
Kehrs: L shoulder pain from spleen
Cullens: periumbilical ecchymosis

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21
Q

Absolute contraindications to TPA

A

Active bleeding
CVA within 6 mo
Hemorrhagic CVA ever
Head/spine surgery in past 2 mo
Brain tumor, aneurysm, AV malformation
Suspected aortic dissection

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22
Q

Antidote for arsenic, lead, mercury poisoning

A

BAL, DMS

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23
Q

Aspirin, barbiturate OD antidote

A

Alkaline diuresis, HD

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24
Q

Tx for HACE

A

O2, dex, descent

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25
Q

1+ somatic sxs that cause distress / psychosocial impairment
Xs thoughts about the sxs
>6 mo

A

Somatic symptom disorder

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26
Q

Loss of motor or sensory function often triggered by an acute stressor

A

Functional neurological symptom disorder (prev conversion disorder)

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27
Q

Minimal somatic sxs but significant distress about having or acquiring a serious illness

A

Illness anxiety disorder (prev hypochondriasis)

28
Q

Tx for Tylenol OD 8-24 hrs after ingestion

A

NAC while awaiting Tylenol level, can stop after if low

29
Q

Acid base disturbance pyloric stenosis

A

Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis (fluid losses from stomach aka HCl)

30
Q

Post transplant infections:
1st month
Months 2-6
>6 mo

A

1st: nosocomial (staph, strep, pseudomonas)
2-6: cmv, ebv, listeria, pneumocystis, fungi
>6: chronic cmv, ebv, hsv, hep, vzv, toxo

31
Q

Cyclosporine toxicity

A

Hyperkalemia, nephrotoxicity

32
Q

Rash, hyperbili, diarrhea post transplant

A

GVHD

33
Q

Hemodialysis for OD

A

Alcohols, salicylates, lithium, theophyline

34
Q

Currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella
Lobar, copd, alcoholics, diabetics

35
Q

Staccato cough

A

Chlamydia pneumonia
Conjunctivitis in neonates

36
Q

Fungi locations
Southwest
MS river valley
Southeast

A

Southwest = coccidiodomycosis
MS = histo
Southeast = blasto

37
Q

Light criteria
Protein
pleural:serum protein
LDH

A

Transudate: (inc hydrostatic / dec oncotic pressure)
-protein <3
-pleural:serum protein <0.5
-LDH: <200

Exudate:
-protein >3
-pleural:serum protein >.5
-LDH >200

38
Q

TOF

A

VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, RVH

39
Q

Peds ACLS:
defib dose
cardioversion dose
ETT size

A

defib: 2J/kg
cardioversion: 0.5J/kg
ETT: (16+age) / 4 (uncuffed)

40
Q

Le fort fractures

A

Le fort I: upper dental arch is mobile (not nose)
Le fort II: upper dental arch and nose are mobile (not zygoma)
Le fort III: entire face is mobile

41
Q

Salter fractures

A

S = slipped
A = above
L = lower
T = through
R = ram

42
Q

bennets fracture
rolando fracture

A

bennets: axial load with hand closed
-base of thumb at MCP joint, intra-articular w/ dislocation/subluxation of CMC joint
rolando: intra-articular metacarpal fx, no dislocation of CMC joint

*both need thumb spica and emergent ortho referral

43
Q

colles fracture

A

most common fx in adults >50
-distal radius fx at the metaphysis, dorsal displacement

44
Q

perilunate vs lunate dislocation

A

lunate = spilled teacup sign

lunate: lunate displaced volarly
perilunate: capitate displaced dorsally

45
Q

Monteggia / Galeazzi

A

MUGR
Monteggia = ulnar fx
Galeazzi = radial fx

46
Q

Dancer’s / Jones fractures

A

base of 5th metatarsal
-dancers: avulsion fx, doesn’t involve joint - ortho shoe
-jones: prox diaphysis - needs ORIF/cast

47
Q

Common bugs, bone/joint infections
Neonates
IVDA
sickle cell
foot puncture
cat bites
fresh water
diabetic foot
human bite
reptile bite

A

Neonates: GBS
IVDA: pseudomonas
sickle cell: GNR, salmonella
foot puncture: pseudomonas
cat bites: pasteurella
fresh water: aeromonas
diabetic foot: polymicrobial
human bites: eikenella, staph/strep, anaerobes
reptile: salmonella

48
Q

Nerve roots in arm; reflex, sensory, motor

A

C5: biceps reflex, deltoid, deltoid/biceps
C6: biceps/brachioradialis reflex, thumb/index, biceps/wrist extensors
C7: triceps reflex, long finger, triceps
C8: little finger, finger adduction
T1: medial arm, finger abduction

49
Q

Nerve roots in leg: reflex, sensory, motor

A

L4: knee jerk reflex, medial leg, knee extension
L5: dorsum foot / big toe, foot dorsiflexion
S1: ankle jerk, lateral foot/sole, foot plantarflexion

50
Q

unstable c-spine fractures

A

Jefferson bit off a hangman’s thumb
J: jefferson (burst fracture C1)
B: bifacet dislocation +/- fx
O: odontoid types II and III
A: any fracture/dislocation
H: hangman’s (posterior C2)
T: teardrop fx

51
Q

complete motor paralysis, loss of pain/temp, vibration + proprioception preserved

A

anterior cord syndrome

52
Q

ipsilateral weakness /loss of position/vibration + contralateral pain/temp loss

A

brown sequard

53
Q

weakness arms >legs, some dec sensation, sacral sparing

A

central cord, hyperextension injury

54
Q

tx for acute angle closure glaucoma

A

dec aqueous humor production
-topical BB (timolol)
-alpha-agonist (apraclonidine)
-acetazolamide

topical miotic
-pilocarpine (use after IOP decreased)

55
Q

EOM nerves

A

II: optic
III: oculomotor; pupil constriction, raises eyelid, most eye motions except lateral rectus + sup oblique
IV: trochlear; sup oblique (abduction/intorsion)
VI: abducens; lateral rectus

56
Q

cherry red spot on macula

A

CRAO; sudden painless monocular vision loss, mostly embolic

57
Q

retinal hemorrhage/cotton wool spots

A

CRVO; more gradual onset, no acute treatment

58
Q

sudden onset vision loss w/ painful eye movements + APD, unilateral optic disc edema

A

optic neuritis; MS until proven otherwise

59
Q

brudzinskis / kernigs signs

A

brudzinski: flexion of hips caused by passive flexion of the neck
kernig: pain in hamstrings causes inability to straighten leg when hip is flexed to 90 deg

60
Q

urine findings > renal failure type
RBC casts
WBC casts
eosinophils
granular casts
hyaline casts

A

RBC casts: glomerular disease > nephritis syndrome
WBC casts: interstitium > pyelo, AIN
eosinophils: interstitium > AIN
granular casts: tubule > ATN
hyaline casts: pre/post renal

61
Q

HBV markers
HBsAg
HBsAb
HBeAg
HBcAb

A

HBsAg: active infection
HBsAb: pos after clearance of HbsAg
HBeAg: high infectivity
HBcAb: hx of HBV infection

62
Q

Diving
Ascent
Descent

A

Ascent: air embolism, decompression illness
Descent: squeeze syndromes, nitrogen narcosis

63
Q

parkland formula

A

4ml x kg x % BSA > 1/2 volume over first 8 hours

64
Q

radiation exposure 48 hr ALC

A

> 1200 (v good)
300-1200 (possibly lethal)
<300 (lethal)

65
Q

non-gap metabolic acidosis

A

HARD UP
Hypoaldosteronism
Acetazolamide
RTA
Diarrhea
Ureterosigmoidostomy
Pancreatic fistula

66
Q

reed sternberg cells

A

hodgkin lymphoma (better survival than non-hodgkin)

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