EBM

Question 1

Follows group of participants who have a condition (or receive a treatment) and compares to those who do not

Answer 1

cohort study

Question 2

starts with the outcome and looks retrospectively to see what experiences they had

Answer 2

case-control

Question 3

observes a population at a single point in time to see who had the outcome and who had the exposure

Answer 3

cross-sectional

Question 4

PICO

Answer 4

Patient/problem
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

Question 5

sensitivity

Answer 5

proportion of patients with the disease who test positive
TP / TP + FN

Question 6

specificity

Answer 6

proportion of patients without the disease who test negative
TN / TN + FP

Question 7

PPV

Answer 7

If test is positive, how likely is it that the patient has the disease?
TP / TP + FP

Question 8

NPV

Answer 8

If test is negative, how likely is it that the patient does NOT have the disease?
TN / TN + FN

**depends on prevalence of disease

Question 9

Relative risk

Answer 9

RR = exposed / non-exposed

Question 10

NNT

Answer 10

NNT = 1/ ARR (decimal)

(ARR = control rate - experimental rate)

Question 11

odds ratio

Answer 11

OR = (A/C) / (B/D)
Odds b/t experimental group and control group

Question 12

+LR

Answer 12

LR+ = sensitivity / (1-specificity)

Question 13

-LR

Answer 13

LR- = (1-sensitivity) / specificity