High-Level Language Programming Paradigms

Question 1

Low-level Lang

Answer 1

Machine-oriented, usually one instruction to one machine code instruction, mnemonics for operations, labels for addresses.

Question 2

Low-level Lang Use

Answer 2

For coding device drivers, embedded systems where processing capabilities and memory capacity are limited.

Question 3

Object-oriented Lang

Answer 3

Solution for a problem can be visualised in terms of objects that interact passing messages back and forth. Classes & objects.

Question 4

Object-oriented Lang Use

Answer 4

For producing re-usable code and use in large software projects where data and the methods acting on are kept together.

Question 5

Declarative Lang

Answer 5

Program consists of facts and rules. States what is required but not how to do it. Statements not needed in specific order.

Question 6

Declarative Lang Use

Answer 6

Expert systems (knowledge based systems) e.g. medical diagnosis. Also Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition.

Question 7

Procedural Lang

Answer 7

Imperative language, uses sequence, selection, iteration, procedures and functions. States what to do and how to do it.

Question 8

Procedural Lang Use

Answer 8

Used for set tasks that need to be completed in a specific way. E.g. stock control.

Question 9

Data encapsulation (OOL)

Answer 9

Data is hidden. Data can only be accessed using the operations defined for the class. This maintains data integrity.

Question 10

Class (OOL)

Answer 10

A template for a set of objects that have state and behaviour.

Question 11

Object (OOL)

Answer 11

An object is an instance of a class. It is a real-world entity and holds attributes and operations.

Question 12

Derived Class (sub class) (OOL)

Answer 12

A class that has all the attributes and operations of its superclass and may have attributes and operations of its own.

Question 13

Inheritance (OOL)

Answer 13

A derived class inherits all the attributes and operations from its superclass.

Question 14

UML

Answer 14

Standard way to present the design of a system. Visual, so easy to understand. Allows analysts, programmers and clients to communicate. Makes system maintenance easier when modifying a system.

Question 15

Class diagram (UML)

Answer 15

Describes the classes to achieve the tasks that the system must perform and the relationships between them.

Question 16

Object diagram (UML)

Answer 16

Shows the individual attributes of a specific object from a class and the operations including parameter values / return value that are active at that specific point in time. Shows association between objects with lines.

Question 17

Use case diagram (UML)

Answer 17

Describes the tasks which the system must help to perform. Describes the requirements of a system.

Question 18

State diagram (UML)

Answer 18

In order to implement, maintain or test a class we need to understand what the dependencies are between the state of an object and its reactions to messages or other events.

Question 19

Sequence diagram (UML)

Answer 19

A type of interaction diagram. Describe record in detail how objects interact to perform a task. Shows the objects [and actors] which take part in a collaboration at the top of dashed lines

Question 20

Activity diagram (UML)

Answer 20

Activity diagrams describe how activities are co-ordinated. For example, an activity diagram could be used to show how an operation could be implemented. They are also useful for describing use cases in detail.

Question 21

Communication diagram (UML)

Answer 21

A type of interaction diagram. Also known as a collaboration diagram. Describe record in detail how objects interact to perform a task. Show the order of messages / signals passed between the linked objects.

Question 22

Backtracking (Dec. Langs)

Answer 22

Going back to a previously found successful match in order to continue a search.

Question 23

Instantiation (Dec. Langs)

Answer 23

Giving a value to a variable in a statement.

Question 24

Predicate Logic (Dec. Langs)

Answer 24

A branch of mathematics that manipulates logical statements that can be either True or False.

Question 25

Variable (Dec. Langs)

Answer 25

Is written as a sequence of letters and digits, beginning with a capital letter (or underscore). E.g. A, Male, _male

Question 26

Satisfying goals (Dec. Langs)

Answer 26

A goal is a statement we are trying to prove either True or False.