Hierarchy of Life

Question 1

What are the four essential elements required for life?

Answer 1

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 2

How much water is in a typical plant cell?

Answer 2

80% to 85%

Question 3

A property of water responsible for the force of attraction between the same molecules

Answer 3

Cohesion

Question 4

A property of water responsible for the forces of attraction between different molecules

Answer 4

Adhesion

Question 5

A property of water that states polarity makes water a good solvent

Answer 5

Solvency

Question 6

A property of water that makes it difficult to heat or cool which causes thermal stability

Answer 6

High specific heat

Question 7

These are chemical compounds that do not contain carbon

Answer 7

Inorganic compounds

Question 8

These are chemical compounds that contain carbon

Answer 8

Organic compounds

Question 9

These are small organic compounds such as monosaccharides, Amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides

Answer 9

Monomers

Question 10

These are a group of monomers that act together to produce macromolecules

Answer 10

Polymers

Question 11

What are the four major macromolecules important in living organisms?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 12

These are the building blocks of sugar

Answer 12

Monosaccharides

Question 13

These are the simplest carbohydrates that provide cells with short-term energy

Answer 13

Monosaccharides

Glucose, a simple sugar from which larger carbohydrate molecules are formed and is a source of dietary fiber
Fructose, fruit sugar
Galactose, milk sugar

Question 14

These carbohydrates have two monosaccharide components

Answer 14

Disaccharides

Lactose, glucose and galactose
Sucrose, glucose and fructose
Maltose, two glucose

Question 15

This carbohydrates have multiple monosaccharide components

Answer 15

Polysaccharides

Starch, glucose storage of plants
Glycogen, glucose storage of animals
Cellulose, stabilizes plant wall structure

Question 16

Proteins are formed from small monomers called?

Answer 16

Amino acids

Question 17

What are the nine essential amino acids?

Answer 17

Phenylalanine
Valine
Tryptophan
Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Leucine
Lysine

Question 18

These macromolecules provide cells with long-term energy

Answer 18

Lipids

Question 19

This type of triglycerides have three-carbon alcohol with three hydroxyl groups

Answer 19

Glycerol

Question 20

This type of lipids are divided into two: glycerol and fatty acid

Answer 20

Triglycerides

Question 21

This type of triglycerides have long chains of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at one end

Answer 21

Fatty acid

Question 22

This type of fatty acid has a high melting point, solid at room temperature, and an example is fats

Answer 22

Saturated fatty acid

Question 23

This type of fatty acid has a low melting point, liquid at room temperature, an example is oils, and divided into two: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Answer 23

Unsaturated fatty acid

Question 24

This type of lipids is produced by injured tissues, causes pain, fever, inflammation, and is inhibited by anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 24

Prostaglandins

Question 25

This type of lipids has two fatty acids, one head and one tail, amphiphilic, and is often used as an emulsifier

Answer 25

Phospholipids

Question 26

These are formed from monomers called nucleotides

Answer 26

Nucleic acids