Hierarchy of Life Flashcards
What are the four essential elements required for life?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
How much water is in a typical plant cell?
80% to 85%
A property of water responsible for the force of attraction between the same molecules
Cohesion
A property of water responsible for the forces of attraction between different molecules
Adhesion
A property of water that states polarity makes water a good solvent
Solvency
A property of water that makes it difficult to heat or cool which causes thermal stability
High specific heat
These are chemical compounds that do not contain carbon
Inorganic compounds
These are chemical compounds that contain carbon
Organic compounds
These are small organic compounds such as monosaccharides, Amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides
Monomers
These are a group of monomers that act together to produce macromolecules
Polymers
What are the four major macromolecules important in living organisms?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
These are the building blocks of sugar
Monosaccharides
These are the simplest carbohydrates that provide cells with short-term energy
Monosaccharides
Glucose, a simple sugar from which larger carbohydrate molecules are formed and is a source of dietary fiber
Fructose, fruit sugar
Galactose, milk sugar
These carbohydrates have two monosaccharide components
Disaccharides
Lactose, glucose and galactose
Sucrose, glucose and fructose
Maltose, two glucose
This carbohydrates have multiple monosaccharide components
Polysaccharides
Starch, glucose storage of plants
Glycogen, glucose storage of animals
Cellulose, stabilizes plant wall structure
Proteins are formed from small monomers called?
Amino acids
What are the nine essential amino acids?
Phenylalanine Valine Tryptophan Threonine Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Leucine Lysine
These macromolecules provide cells with long-term energy
Lipids
This type of triglycerides have three-carbon alcohol with three hydroxyl groups
Glycerol
This type of lipids are divided into two: glycerol and fatty acid
Triglycerides
This type of triglycerides have long chains of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at one end
Fatty acid
This type of fatty acid has a high melting point, solid at room temperature, and an example is fats
Saturated fatty acid
This type of fatty acid has a low melting point, liquid at room temperature, an example is oils, and divided into two: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
Unsaturated fatty acid
This type of lipids is produced by injured tissues, causes pain, fever, inflammation, and is inhibited by anti-inflammatory drugs
Prostaglandins
This type of lipids has two fatty acids, one head and one tail, amphiphilic, and is often used as an emulsifier
Phospholipids
These are formed from monomers called nucleotides
Nucleic acids
