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Question 1

What is medicare

Answer 1

Australia’s universal health insurance scheme. It provides subsidised access to selected healthcare services

Question 2

What does medicare cover

Answer 2

Scheduled fee of GP consults
Blood tests
X-rays
Eye tests by optometrists
Treatment in public hospitals

Question 3

What doesn’t medicare cover

Answer 3

Dental treatment
Remedial massage
Glasses
Cosmetic surgery
Ambulance services
Osteo, chiro

Question 4

Medicare levy?

Answer 4

2% of taxable income for most tax payers in Australia. Low income earners are exempt

Question 5

Medicare levy surcharge?

Answer 5

Extra 1-1.5% on top of the 2% medicare levy which is paid by high income earners that don’t have private health insurance

Question 6

The pharmaceutical benefits scheme

Answer 6

Provides partially subsidised access to selected medications for all Australians and reciprocal agreement.
Approx 4000-5000 meds on list and is reviewed annually

Question 7

Cost of PBS

Answer 7

Costs a maximum of $31.60 for Australians, or $7.70 for concession card holders

Question 8

Private health insurance?

Answer 8

A form of health insurance on top of medicare where an individual pays a monthly premium to the PHI company for subsidised access to healthcare services not covered by medicare

Question 9

Incentive schemes for private health insurance

Answer 9

Medicare levy surcharge
Lifetime cover
PHI rebate

Question 10

Lifetime cover

Answer 10

PHI companies charge an extra 2% of the premium for each year you are over 30 when you join

Question 11

PHI rebate

Answer 11

The government pays for approx 25-30% of your PHI premium - the higher you earn, the lower the rebate

Question 12

Biomedical approach to health

Answer 12

AKA the ‘bandaid’ approach, or the ‘fix-it’ approach
Centered around the process of diagnosis, treatment, and ideally cure
Typically reactive
Centered around health professionals
Focuses on biological factors

Question 13

Pros of the biomedical approach

Answer 13

Many injuries/illnesses can be treated
Increased quality of life
Increased life expectancy

Question 14

Cons of the biomedical approach

Answer 14

Not always a cure
Reactive
Time consuming
Expensive
Waiting lists

Question 15

How have MRIs improved health status

Answer 15

This machine takes images of inside the body (e.g. brain) which allow for detection of issues and cancerous cells. By detecting the issue, it allows for more rapid treatment, increasing chances of cure and therefore increasing life expectancy.

Question 16

How have Heart Lung Bypass machines improved health status

Answer 16

This machine allows for the heart to be operated on by stopping the heart and continuing blood flow around the body. This allows for peoples bodies to be saved through surgery, decreasing death and therefore also mortality rates.

Question 17

Morbidity

Answer 17

Rates of illness and reduced functioning

Question 18

Prevalence

Answer 18

The total number of cases of a condition at a point in time

Question 19

Incidence

Answer 19

Total number of new cases over a given period of time (typically 12 months)

Question 20

Life expectancy

Answer 20

The amount of life someone is expected to live based on current death rates

Question 21

Health adjusted life expectancy

Answer 21

Measures the total amount of years a person can expect to live in full health based on current mortality and morbidity rates

Question 22

Burden of disease

Answer 22

A complex measurement of health status that measures both fatal and non-fatal disease burden.
Measured in a unit called Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY).
DALYs are calculated by adding years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) + years of life lost due to reduced functioning (YLD).
Measures the gap between the ideal where we live long, healthy lives free from disease, and reality.