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HET4 > HET4 Suspension > Flashcards

HET4 Suspension Flashcards

1st week suspension

1
Q

What is a better way to label “Power Steering”?

A

Part-time, Power-Assist

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2
Q

What is the purpose of a slip joint in a steering system?

A

To handle the travel in the suspension

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3
Q

What can cause “False Brinelling” in U-Joints?

A

A lack of lubrication, can be caused my driving in a straight line for long periods of time.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the “high spot” of a steering gear?

A
  1. Keeps steering gear in the “straight position”

2. Lets operator know when the wheels are in the straight position

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5
Q

What type of motion does the steering gear convert?

A

Rotary motion or linear motion, also it changes 90 degrees

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6
Q

When should steering stops be adjusted?

A

Whenever tire cut is changed

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7
Q

Where is a thrust bearing located in the front steering system?

A

On the lower side of the steering knuckle between the axle and knuckle

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8
Q

Where does the thrust bearing go on a Elliot steering system?

A

On the lower side of the axle, between the knuckle and axle

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9
Q

What does a thrust bearing have to do?

A

Carry the load of the vehicle

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10
Q

On a recirculating ball steering gear what is the purpose of the adjustment screw?

A

It adjusts backlash

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11
Q

What components connect to the Drag Link?

A

Upper steering arm and pitman arm

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12
Q

What is considered the input on a steering system?

A

Steering wheel

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13
Q

Do all on-road equipment have SRS (supplemental restraint system) in the steering wheel?

A

No, can be optional

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14
Q

What component allows steering wheels to have switches in them?

A

Clockspring assembly

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15
Q

What are the types of drives available for power steering systems?

A

Gear driven

Belt driven

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16
Q

List the components that make up a power steering system?

A 
Specific Oil (fluid)
Reservoir with or without filter
Pump
Pressure relief valve/Flow control
One or more power steering gear assembly
Connecting hoses and fittings
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17
Q

Road feel can also be called?

A

Feedback

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18
Q

True or False:

You can mix different types of oil together in the power steering system?

A

False. Use only the correct type of fluid for the power steering system. To change types you must do a complete flush

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19
Q

What is the downfall to the size of reservoir in the power steering system?

A

The fluid can become too hot

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20
Q

How many pieces is a drag link?

A

Solid, 2 piece or 3 piece

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21
Q

True or False:

It is acceptable to heat and weld steering parts?

A

False, it is never okay to weld or heat steering components

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22
Q

What could result if a steering wheel is turned when it is disconnected from the steering system?

A

You could damage the clockspring

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23
Q

How can you prevent damage to the clocspring during suspension service?

A

Immobilize the steering wheel

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24
Q

What must be added to the system to allow tilt and telescoping steering wheels?

A

Additional U-joints, Springs and Gas-Shocks

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25
Q

What is the general degree of movement of a sector shaft gear in both directions on a manual steering gear system?

A

30 degrees

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26
Q

Is timing of the sector shaft important?

A

Yes, the shaft and pitman arm should be marked

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27
Q

What keeps the king pin from rotating in the steering knuckle?

A

Draw keys

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28
Q

What is used as a wear surface for king pins?

A

Roller bearings or bushings

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29
Q

What is the minimum clearance between tires and other components?

A

1 inch or 2.5cm, decided by steering stops

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30
Q

True or False:

Are king pins tapered?

A

They can be tapered but are generally straight

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31
Q

What can be used to combat power steering oil temperature rising to high?

A

Power steering coolers

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32
Q

What is generally the max pressure of a power steering system?

A

1900-2275 PSI (13 000-15 560kPa)

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33
Q

What would be the customer complaint if power steering relief valve is set to LOW?

A

Poor assist or Hard steering

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34
Q

Which is more commonly used on On-Road trucks?
1.Rack and Pinion Style steering gear
or
2.Integral Power steering gear system

A
  1. integral Power Steering Gear System
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35
Q

Why is the viscosity of power steering fluid important?

A

The system must work in hot and cold temperatures, the clearances are very small in the system.

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36
Q

What is the lower steering arm also called?

A

Ackerman

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37
Q

What side of the vehicle is the steering gear generally mounted?

A

Driver’s side

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38
Q

What is used when the axles are over 16 000lbs gross?

A

Dual steering gear systems

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39
Q

When a vehicle has two steering axles it is referred to as?

A

Tandem Steering

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40
Q

What can be the result of poppets failing in an integral power steering gear assembly?

A

Power assist in one directions only or no power assist

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41
Q

What is the purpose of the poppet valves in the steering systems?

A

To reduce pressure when reaching end of travel

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42
Q

What is another term for full travel?

A

Lock to Lock

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43
Q

True or False

Rack and pinion steering systems have upper steering arms?

A

False

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44
Q

What does the rack in a “rack and pinion steering system” take the place of?

A

Tie Rod assembly

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45
Q

True or False?

Lower steering arms are set to a specific angle?

A

True

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46
Q

When checking slip joints, how should it be inspected?

A

Check for play in all directions.

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47
Q

What would be the operators complaint if there is too much play in a slip joint?

A

If play is “side to side”, operator complaint will be there is play in the steering.

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48
Q

What are three types of steering systems?

A

Integral power, rack and pinion, manual

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49
Q

At what position should be the steering wheel spokes be at?

A

4 and 8 O’clock (plus or minus 10 degrees)

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50
Q

Why is steering wheel position important?

A

To keep gauges and warning lights visible to the operator

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51
Q

When the steering wheel is in the straight ahead position is there tension on the clock spring?

A

Yes

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52
Q

What controls when power assist is used?

A

Torsion Bar

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53
Q

When the control valve is at its neutral position, what type of center is it in?

A

Open Center (back to tank)

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54
Q

What is on the ends of the rack piston?

A

Poppet valves

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55
Q

When the poppet opens, what should a technician see?

A

1/8” gap between the steering stop and the axle pad

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56
Q

What is the most common type of power steering pump?

A

Vane Pump

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57
Q

List the steering components in order starting from the steering column.

A 
Steer column
worm shaft and ball nut assembly
sector shaft
pitman arm
drag link
upper steering arm
left steering arm (left side)
tie rod end (left side) 
tie rod (tube)
tie rod end (right side)
lower steering arm (right side)
right steering knuckle
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58
Q

True or False

Does the secondary steering gear need to be timed?

A

True

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59
Q

True or False

The secondary steering gear backlash must be adjusted?

A

False

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60
Q

What can appear to be a suspension issue but its caused by other parts?

A

Dragging brakes

Tires (brands, pressure,tread issues)

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61
Q

What should you do first as a technician before operational testing a vehicle?

A

Visual Inspection and talk to the operator

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62
Q

How long must you wait after disconnecting a battery before working on a SRS?

A

At least two minutes

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63
Q

What is the safest way to check that wheels are in the straight position?

A

Measure from a point of each tire to the same place on the frame.

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64
Q

When removing a steering wheel, what are some important steps?

A
  1. Make an alignment mark on the steering wheel and the steering column shaft
  2. Use a correct puller
  3. Be aware of wiring for horn and clock spring
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65
Q

What can be damaged if an operator uses the steering wheel to climb in a truck regularly?

A

Damage the pivot pins in a tilt steering column
Loosen mounting fasteners
Damage Bushings
eventually causing a steering and handling complaint

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66
Q

What is the result of a damaged drag link?

A

Steering wheel is in the straight position but the wheels are not.

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67
Q

What are some visual inspections of a drag link?

A 
Clamping bolt is tight
Boot is not damaged
Grease fitting is usable
Castellated nuts have cotter pins
No movement between the tapered end and their mounting sockets on the steering arm and pitman arm
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68
Q

Before taking a vehicle on a road tests what must you confirm?

A

The vehicle won’t risk yourself and the public and that you will not further damage the vehicle

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69
Q

True or False

It is normal for bearings to creep slightly?

A

True, extends bearing life

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70
Q

True or False

If a new bearing spins easily on a spindle, should the spindle be replaced?

A

True, the spindle is to worn

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71
Q

When lengthening or shortening the wheel base of a vehicle what also needs to be changed?

A

Lower steering arms

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72
Q

What part of a tire will wear prematurely if a tire is driven with consistently to high of a tire pressure?

A

The center of the tread will wear before the outer treads

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73
Q

What part of a tire will wear prematurely if a tire is driven consistently with too low of a tire pressure?

A

The outer treads of a tire will wear before the center treads

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74
Q

What could be wrong with a vehicles alignment if the tires are showing feathering?

A

Toe-in is set inccorectly

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75
Q

One side of a tire is wearing quickly what is the alignment problem?

A

Camber is excessive in the front suspension

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76
Q

What can cause excessive camber in a vehicle?

A

Worn ball joints
Sagging Springs
Worn control arm bushings
Poor alignment (vehicle did not have its normal load during alignment)

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77
Q

When an air bag has been deployed is there a chance of damaging the clockspring?

A

Yes, always check the clockspring after an SRS has deployed

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78
Q

How would you reset a clockspring?

A

turn the over counter-clockwise till it locks. turn the cover clockwise 4.5 turns and align the arrows on the top cover and bottom housing. TAPE assembly and install

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79
Q

Why is alignment of the slip joint important?

A

If a slip joint is out of phase it could cause binding in the steering

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80
Q

What is the correct way to remove a pitman arm?

A

Using the correct puller assembly

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81
Q

When the sector shaft is at the bottom of the steering box what is it called?

A

Regular

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82
Q

If there are multiple timing marks on a pitman arm, what should the technician do to find correct position?

A

Refer to manufacturer’s instruction (specification)

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83
Q

If a protective boot is missing from a component what is most likely needed?

A

Replacement of the whole component, due to contamination risk

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84
Q

What are the two types of movement you need to check for to inspect a kingpin and bushing wear?

A

Horizontal movement and vertical movement

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85
Q

What is important to do when replacing kingpin bushings?

A

That bushings are driven to the correct depth to leave room for grease seals

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86
Q

Where should the seam of a kingpin bushing be in relation to the spindle?

A

The seam should be 90 degrees to the spindle

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87
Q

What directions must a reamer only be used in?

A

Clockwise

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88
Q

For the kingpin and steering knuckle where should shims be located to adjust knuckle vertical movement?

A

On the top of the axle only. Thrust bearing is on the bottom

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89
Q

When choosing a pressure gauge, what range should it have?

A

Twice of what you believe you need, they are most accurate in their mid range

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90
Q

How much force should be used to check movement in tie rods?

A

Hand pressure (100lbs or 445 Newtons)

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91
Q

If a fifth wheel is not lubricated, can it act like a steering system problem?

A

Yes, a trailer that is not hooked up correctly and cannot move as it needs can act like a steering system issue

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92
Q

What can cause noisy steering?

A

System is going over relief

Pump is failing

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93
Q

What can cause a reduce in wheel cut?

A

Gear poppet is out of adjustment

94
Q

What will be different about a slip joint on a cab-over-engine (COE)?

A

The slip joint may be extremely long to make up for the difference when the cab is tilted

95
Q

What is important to remember when using safety stands and jacks?

A

They must be able to handle the weight they need to lift and hold. ALSO you must be aware of where the placement is to not affect your camber.

96
Q

What is the correct procedure for servicing vehicles with air bags?

A

Follow manufacturer’s spec and procedures

97
Q

What could be caused if power steering fluid is too low?

A

Damage to internal pump, steering gear and control valve damage. Usually will be noisy

98
Q

Level of power steering fluid is important, but also the ________________ of the fluid?

A

Condition, it is easily contaiminated

99
Q

If power steering fluid is dirty or burnt, what must be done?

A

The system should be flushed and new fluid should be added.

100
Q

Before servicing a power steering system what is important to do for safety’s sake?

A

Block the wheels that are staying on the ground, usually rear.

101
Q

Why is it important to not move the steering wheel while initially filling and bleeding a power steering system?

A

Moving the steering wheel can allow air to enter the system, cause power assist steering problems.

102
Q

What are two types of bleed systems for power steering?

A

Manual or Auto bleed

103
Q

How much movement are you allowed on a spoke (dayton) wheel? Steer tire and trailer tire.

A

1/16” for steer tire

1/8” for drive/trailer tire

104
Q

When the steel balls need to be replaced in a steering gear assembly, how many should you replace at once?

A

All should be replaced at the same time, as a set

105
Q

What are the two general areas that you should be focusing on troubleshooting when on a road test?

A
  1. steering response

2. vehicle handling characteristics

106
Q

At what temperature does power steering fluid break down?

A

121 degree C

250 degree F

107
Q

If you do not have equal amounts of steering wheel turns from lock to lock, what could be the cause?

A

Steering gear is not timed

Steering stop is out of adjustment

108
Q

During power steering tests, how long should tests take?

A

As short as possible to avoid over heating

109
Q

What are the two main hydraulic tests done on a power steering system?

A

Steering pump pressure
and
Steering pump flow rate

110
Q

What is the average operating temperature of power steering fluid?

A

66-71 degree C or 150-160 degree F

111
Q

At idle what should be the make flow rate when the steering is at the axle stop with 20lbs of force on the steering wheel?

A

no more than 1gal/min

112
Q

When testing a power steering system, the flow valve should be closed for no longer than?

A

5 seconds

113
Q

During power steering testing what type of movement should you see on the pressure gauge?

A

Smooth movement to relief and back down to zero during testing with a control valve

114
Q

At what engine speeds should power steering systems be tested?

A

Low idle and high idle 1500RPM

115
Q

How must a flow meter be installed in a power steering system for testing?

A

in Series with the system usually between steering gear and pump high-pressure hose

116
Q

When checking for internal leakage on a power steering system, do you need to hold the steering wheel to one stop?

A

yes about 20lbs of pressure holding it to the spacer to the stop

117
Q

What must you put infront of the steering stop while checking for internal leakage in the power steering system?

A

Unhardened steel spacer

118
Q

If poppets are working correctly in a power steering system how much clearance should be there between the knuckle and the stop at full travel?

A

1/8” (3.1mm)

119
Q

What is the purpose of the poppets in the power steering system?

A

To help avoid damage to steering components

120
Q

How do you know if you have aeration in your power steering pump?

A

There will be air bubbles in the reservoir

121
Q

Pass or Fail

If during an internal leakage test of a power steering systems a flow rate of 2 gal/min at full stop.

A

Fail, the system should have a rate under 1 gal/min

122
Q

What must be removed from the steering gear to drain the power steering fluid out?

A

Pressure and return lines must be removed to drain the system

123
Q

What is a pro about using a sight glass to check fluid levels over a dipstick?

A

A sight glass can help prevent contaimination

124
Q

Are rack and pinion steering gear mounting bolts reusable?

A

No, they should be replaced when reinstalling the steering gear

125
Q

When installing drag link should the tires be touching the ground?

A

Yes, lower the vehicle down till tires contact the floor

126
Q

What is the last step when replacing a rack and pinion steering gear?

A

Adjust the toe setting

127
Q

True or False

There should be no vertical movement in a king pin?

A 
False, there should be some movement 
(module 0.05mm-0.30mm) - manufacture spec
128
Q

After adjusting the toe setting on a heavy-duty truck, should it be checked after a short trip?

A

Yes, after a short trip the suspension will normalize and toe angle can be confirmed

129
Q

A standard mounted steering gear is also known as?

bleed

A

Auto Bleed

130
Q

An inverted mounted steering gear is also known as?

bleed

A

Manual Bleed

131
Q

When removing the steering gear, the mounting bolts were loose what should be checked?

A

Condition of the bolt holes, if the mounting bolts were loose the bolt holes can become oval shaped

132
Q

Can a steering gear be visually checked for the center point (high-point)?

A

yes check the timing mark on the Sector shaft

133
Q

Radius plates are used to accomplish?

A

Proper setting of steering stops

  1. Correct turning radius to keep tires from making contact with other parts
  2. Correct adjustment of poppets
134
Q

What should be done if the one piece drag link does not fit correctly after installing an integral power steering gear?

A

Confirm the pitman arm and sector shaft are in the correct position

135
Q

If the pitman arm and sector shaft are in the correct position and the one piece drag link does not fit correctly, what should be done?

A

Replace the drag link, it is damaged

136
Q

True or False

Steering box poppets should allow the steering linkage to contact the stops?

A

False, the poppets should stop the steering linkages from hitting the steering stops

137
Q

When doing a final check on a integral power steering gear, the frame rails lift when making a full right turn. What could cause this?

A

The steering linkage is making contact with the steering stop. The poppets are not set correctly or the steering stops are not adjusted correctly

138
Q

Can you use a tape measure to align a rack and pinion steering system?

A

No, you must use an alignment machine to align a rack and pinion steering system

139
Q

When a relief poppet valve unseats what should happen to system pressure?

A

200-400PSI drop

140
Q

Manual poppets need manual adjustment when?

A

Replacement of steering gear
Change of wheel cut
Replacement of steering stops, from damage or removal for other repairs

141
Q

How much should you turn the poppet adjusted to achieve a 1/8” gap between the steering stop and axle pad?

A

1/2 turn

142
Q

When over hauling a steering gear what should be done with the poppets?

A

The poppets should be all the way out

143
Q

If axle stops are increased to steering travel will automatic poppets reset themselves?

A

Yes. But ONLY if the axle stops are adjusted for increased steering travel

144
Q

If steering stops are adjusted to decrease the amount of steering travel the auto poppets will adjust themselves?

A

No, when the steering stops are decreased the poppets will have to be manually reset

145
Q

List some reasons on when an automatic poppet will need to be reset

A

Changing to a larger tire
Reducing Wheel cut
Damaged or Replaced stop bolts

146
Q

What is the purpose of the Jam nut on a manual adjusting screw stop?

A

It seals the fluid into the housing and holds the screw in place

147
Q

What is the maximum protrusion allowed for a manual adjusting screw?

A

1 1/16”

148
Q

To adjust the auto poppets what part will need to be replaced to make the adjustment?

A

The fixed stop screw must be replaced with a manual adjusted stop screw and sealing jam nut

149
Q

To reduce back lash between the sector shaft and worm gear which directions does the adjustment screw have to go?

A

Clockwise (IN) to REDUCE backlash

150
Q

Are the gear teeth on the sector shaft tapered?

A

Yes

151
Q

Why are sector shaft teeth tapered?

A

To adjust gear backlash

152
Q

What are three steering characteristics?

A

Ease of steering
Steering stability
Reduced tire wear

153
Q

Steering geometry refers to:

A

Specific wheel alignment angles or measurements

154
Q

The two handling characteristics of a vehicle are:

A

Tire wear

direction control

155
Q

Define TOE

A

The difference in distance between the front and the rear of the wheels on the same axle, measured at hub/spindle

156
Q

What is the tire wear pattern if the toe-in setting is excessive?

A

Feathered treads across the width of the tire

157
Q

Define CASTER.

A

is the forward or backward tilt of the kingpin at the top

158
Q

What is optimum toe angle?

A

Zero toe - perfectly parallel

159
Q

True or False:

Positive caster results when the top of the steering axis is tilted towards the front of the vehicle?

A

False

160
Q

True or False:

Negative caster results when the king pin is tilted towards the front of the vehicle?

A

True

161
Q

Predictable directional control is in reference to which steering characteristic?

A

Steering Stability

162
Q

By reducing tire wear what do we achieve?

A

Long service life of tires

163
Q

How do you correct the caster angle on an axle?

A

Hydraulicly

164
Q

KPI stands for?

A

King Pin Inclination

165
Q

What can be done if KPI measurements are wrong?

A

Components must be replaced

166
Q

Turn Radius (toe-out on turns) is incorrect. What is the solution?

A

Replace components, parts have failed

167
Q

What are the three tire wear angles?

A

Camber, Toe, Turning Radius

168
Q

Some toe-in on a heavy duty truck is acceptable?

A

Yes some toe-in is normal

169
Q

What can toe angle compensate for?

A

Deflection or looseness in steering linkage

170
Q

When toe-out setting is incorrect what will happen to the tires?

A

Scuff and create a feathered edge

171
Q

Where is the steering axis drawn through?

A

Invisible line through the centre of kingpin (when viewed from the side)

172
Q

Where is the vertical liner drawn through?

A

Through the exact centre of the spindle

173
Q

Describe “point of contact”

A

The centre of the tire footprint

174
Q

Where is the weight actually being projected refered to as?

A

Point of Load

175
Q

What steering angle helps with returning the steering wheel to the center position after turning?

A

Caster angle

176
Q

In what situation would Negative Caster be wanted?

A

Slow moving vehicles, especially without power assist

177
Q

What is the most common caster setting?

A

Positive caster

178
Q

What happens to the spindle angle as turns are made with positive caster?

A

The spindle will raise and lower

179
Q

What dictates correct caster angles?

A

Manufacture specifications

180
Q

What are three problems that can be caused by EXCESSIVE positive caster?

A

Road Shock, Heavy steering and shimmy

181
Q

Do negative caster give more or less road shock to the suspension?

A

Less road shock

182
Q

Heavy steering negatively affects vehicles with manual steering or power steering?

A

Heavy steering will be more noticeable with a vehicle without power steering

183
Q

Describe shimmy

A

Rapid side to side movement of the wheel

184
Q

Is negative caster more or less stable at high speeds?

A

Less stable, it is better for slower speeds

185
Q

What is the result of poor steering stability in reference to excessive negative caster?

A

Wander and weave

186
Q

How is camber angle measured?

A

Tread centreline vs vertical line

187
Q

How is the camber described when the vertical line and tread centreline overlap?

A

Zero Degrees

188
Q

What are the two reasons camber angle is important?

A
  1. Point of contact is closer to point of load

2. Easier Steering

189
Q

When an axle is over loaded what happens to the camber angle?

A

Becomes more negative

190
Q

Which sides of the tires wear in relation to positive and negative camber?

A

Positive - Outside edge of tire

Negative - Inside edge of tire

191
Q

Camber pull means the vehicle will pull to which side?

A

Whichever side has the most positive camber setting

192
Q

Does camber angle have any effect on wheel bearings?

A

Excessive camber can cause premature wear on wheel bearings

193
Q

Does camber angle have any affect on directional control or is it strictly a tire wearing angle?

A

It can contribute to steering stability

194
Q

With a positive camber angle on a heavy duty vehicle which wheel bearing is taking more of the load?

A

The inner most bearing, which is usually larger

195
Q

What does KPI reduce?

A

The need for high camber
Road Shock
Brake Pull

196
Q

What does KPI provide?

A

Steering Stability/Directional Control
Pivot point for the wheel to turn around, ease of steering
Point of contact more directly under the point of load

197
Q

KPI and Camber have what in common?

A

Bringing the point of contact more directly under the point of load

198
Q

Even though KPI cannot be adjusted what must be done during an alignment?

A

It must be checked against manufacture spec

199
Q

What two angles make up the “inlcuded angle”

A

KPI angle plus or mins Camber angle

200
Q

Using included angle can show what kind of damage?

A

a bent spindle or steering knucle damaged

201
Q

As a technician why is it considered wrong to pick a vehicle from a center point of the front axle?

A

You can bend the axle and affect camber angle

202
Q

What dictates turning radius?

A

Toe-out on turns

203
Q

Heavy duty trucks alignments depend on KPI, what does automotive use?

A

SAI Steering Axis Inclination

204
Q

What controls toe-out during turns?

A

Lower steering arms

205
Q

Operator complaint is: Excessive wheel scuffing when cornering. What is the cause?

A

Lower steering arm is bent

206
Q

True or False

A vehicles thrust line and geometric centre are always the same?

A

False

207
Q

What two lines are used to determine thrust angle?

A

Thrust line and geometric centre

208
Q 
True or False
Vehicle centreline (VCL) and Geometric centreline (GCL) are identical if there are no wheel or axle off sets?
A

True

209
Q

If the VCL and GCL are not identical?

A

The vehicle will want to pull to one side

210
Q

What can be a result if thrust angle is incorrect?

A

The vehicle can dog track

211
Q

If rear axles are closer together on one side of the vehicle, what will result?

A

Positive or Negative Scrub

212
Q

A vehicle with positive scrub, which way will the drive have to move the steering wheel to compensate?

A

Steering wheel will have to be held to the left

213
Q

A vehicle with a negative scrub, where will the front steer tires wear?

A

Steer tires
Left: Outside of tire
Right: Inside of tire

214
Q

What are steps in a pre alignment check (6)?

A

Steering Gear - Condition/security
Steering Linkage - Condition/wear
Tires/Rims - air pressure, brands, matching sets, treads
Wheel bearings - Condition/Lube
Suspension - Condition
Vehicle Ride Height - Manufacture spec (i.e. fuel tank full)

215
Q

What suspension components can affect an alignment if damaged or worn out?

A

Springs, Air Bags, Rubber Blocks, Torsion Bar

216
Q

To measure vehicle ride height, where should you measure from?

A

a specific location on the axle to a specific location on the frame

217
Q

If a vehicle comes in with warm shocks its safe to assume what?

A

That the shocks are working

218
Q

What movements of a wheel do a shock control?

A

Bound and Rebound

219
Q

Is the fifth wheel hitch supposed to be used lubricated or dry?

A

The fifth wheel should be lubricated or it can show as suspension/alignment problems

220
Q

What tools can be used to help with a wheel alignment?

A

Caster/Camber bubble type alignment tool

Radius Plate

221
Q

True or False:

On a rack and pinion steering gear you can change toe angle with a measuring tape?

A

False, must use a computerized multi wheel alignment rack

222
Q

What is maximum wheel cut on a rack and pinion steering gear?

A

46 degrees

223
Q

True or False:

It is acceptable to use heat to bend axles to correct angles and positions?

A

Flase. NEVER USE HEAT

224
Q

How is toe adjusted on rear axles?

A

With specialized alignment and straightening tools. May require the drive axle to be removed

225
Q

What is used to change caster angle?

A

Tapered shims

226
Q

Where must a technician stand to find Caster angle on a vehicle?

A

Side of the wheel

227
Q

How many degrees does tapered caster shim generally change caster setting?

A

2 degrees

228
Q

Manufacturers generally set camber angles positive or negative?

A

Slightly positive

229
Q

True or False

All axles can be bent to achieve the correct camber setting?

A

False, manufacture recommendations dictate replacement or repair

230
Q

A high camber reading may indicate what problem?

A

Kingpin Problem, due to a damaged axle or steering knuckle

231
Q

How is rear axle alignments corrected?

A

Either with shims between the torque arms and frame hanger or adjusting the torque rods

HET4 (43 decks)

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