HESI HINTS MATERNITY Flashcards
To avoid pregnancy, a woman should abstain from unprotected sexual intercourse during?
Her fertile days.
The most fertile days for pregnancy are when?
The day before ovulation and the day of ovulation.
When does the The fertile period begin?
4 to 5 days prior to ovulation and ends 24 to 48 hours after ovulation.
A couple must avoid unprotected intercourse when to not get pregnant? Why?
for several days before an anticipated ovulation and for 3 days after ovulation to prevent pregnancy because sperm can live in a woman’s body approximately 4 to 5 days and eggs live approximately 24 to 48 hours after being released.
Some women do not realize they are pregnant because?
They experience implantation bleeding or spotting.
Signs of healthy psychosocial maternal–fetal bonding include what?
Massaging the abdomen, nicknaming the fetus, and talking to the fetus in utero.
What should women be assessed for during pregnancy and why?
For many women, battering (emotional or physical abuse) begins during pregnancy. Women should be assessed for abuse in private, away from the partner, by a nurse who is familiar with local resources and knows how to determine the safety of the client.
Practice determining gravidity and parity. Math Skill: A woman who is 6 weeks pregnant has the following maternal history:
• She has healthy 2-year-old male fraternal twins.
• She had a miscarriage at 22 weeks.
• She had an elective abortion at 6 weeks, 5 years earlier.
With this pregnancy, she is gravida 4 para 2, only 2 deliveries after 20 weeks’ gestation, and twins are two living.
• GTPAL is 4 1-1-1-21 (G-4 pregnancies [twins, miscarriage, elective abortion, current pregnancy]): T-1 (twins count as one birth); P-1 (22-week miscarriage); A-1 (elective abortion at 6 weeks); L-2 (twins).
Nägele rule? What is it? If the first day of a woman’s last normal menstrual period was December 9, what is her EDB, using the Nägele rule?
A way to calculate EDB.
Answer: September 16. Count back 3 months and add 7 days (always give February 28 days).
Hgb and Hct data can be used to evaluate?
Ex. A 22-year-old primigravida at 12 weeks’ gestation has an Hgb of 9.6 g/dL and an Hct of 31%. She has gained 3 lb during the first trimester.
Nutritional status.
How much weight should you gain in first trimester?
A weight gain of 2 to 4 lb during the first trimester is recommended.
Foods high in iron?
Fish and red meats
• Cereals and yellow vegetables
• Green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits
• Egg yolks and dried fruits
As pregnancy advances, the uterus presses on abdominal vessels (vena cava and aorta). Teach the woman that?
A left side-lying position relieves supine hypotension and increases perfusion to uterus, placenta, and fetus.
What is the normal FHR?
The normal FHR is 110 to 160 bpm.
What are are the first and most important indicators of compromised blood flow to the fetus?
Changes in FHR.
State the objective signs that signify ovulation.
Abundant, thin, clear cervical mucus; Spinnbarkeit (egg-white stretchiness) of cervical mucus; open cervical os; slight drop in basal body temperature and then 0.5°- to 1°-F rise; ferning under the microscope.
Ovulation occurs how many days before the next menstrual period?
14 days.
State three ways to identify the chronological age of a pregnancy (gestation)?
10 lunar months; 9 calendar months consisting of three trimesters of 3 months each; 40 weeks; 280 days.
What maternal position provides optimum fetal and placental perfusion during pregnancy?
The knee–chest position, but the ideal position of comfort for the mother, which supports fetal, maternal, and placental perfusion, is the side-lying position (removes pressure from the abdominal vessels [vena cava, aorta]).
Name the major discomforts of the first trimester and one suggestion for amelioration of each?
Nausea and vomiting: crackers before rising; fatigue: rest periods and naps and 7 to 8 hours of sleep at night.
If the first day of a woman’s last normal menstrual period was February 3, what is the EDB using the Nägele rule?
Count back 3 months and add 7 days: November 10 (always give February 28 days)..
At 20 weeks’ gestation, the fundal height would be _____; the fetus would weigh approximately _____ and would look like _____.
At the umbilicus; 200 to 400 g; a baby—with hair, lanugo, and vernix, but without any subcutaneous fat.
State the normal psychosocial responses to pregnancy in the second trimester?
Ambivalence wanes and acceptance of pregnancy occurs; pregnancy becomes “real”; signs of maternal–fetal bonding occur.
The hemodilution of pregnancy peaks at _____ weeks and results in a(n) _____ in a woman’s Hct?
28 to 32 weeks; decrease.
State three principles relative to the pattern of weight gain in pregnancy?
Total gain should average 11.3 to 15.9 kg (25 to 35 lb). Gain should be consistent throughout pregnancy. An average of 1 lb/week should be gained in the second and third trimesters.
During pregnancy, a woman should add _____ calories to her diet and drink _____ of milk per day?
300; 240 ml (8 ounce) glasses per day.
FHR can be auscultated by Doppler at _____ weeks’ gestation?
10 to 12.
Describe the schedule of prenatal visits for a low-risk pregnant woman?
Once every 4 weeks until 28 weeks; every 2 weeks from 28 to 36 weeks; then once a week until delivery.
