HESI Exam - Quizlet Notecards Flashcards
1
Q
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
in order
A
1.) Physiological needs
2.) Safety needs
3.) Love & belonging
4.) Self-esteem
5.) Self-actualization
PSLSS
2
Q
Physiological Needs
A
- Oxygen
- Water
- Food
- Elimination
- Temperature
- Physical activity
- Rest
- Sexuality
Ex: Nurses take vital signs, aid in ambulate, toileting, measure I&O
3
Q
Pulse Normal Range (BPM)
A
60 - 100 BPM
4
Q
Cause of Respiratory Acidosis
A
Hypoventilation (retention of too much CO2, which is a volatile acid)
- respiratory problems
- retention of CO2
5
Q
PT
A
Prothrombin Time
- Test to evaluate blood clotting
- Prothrombin is a protein produced by the liver. It is one of many factors that helps with blood clotting.
6
Q
HESI Hint: Safety
A
The most essential element of nursing care is patient safety.
7
Q
Conversion of kg to lbs
A
MULTIPLY by 2.2
8
Q
Conversion of lbs to kg
A
DIVIDE by 2.2
9
Q
Normal range of Magnesium (Mg2+)
A
1.3 - 2.3 mEq/L
10
Q
Metabolic Alkalosis Compensation
A
Hypoventilation to retain more CO2 (volatile acid)
Lungs aid kidneys (respiratoyr aids metabolic)
11
Q
What types of procedures are assigned to professional nurses?
A
sterile or invasive procedures
12
Q
What are the 5 rights of delegation?
A
1.) Right Task
2.) Right Circumstance
3.) Right Person
4.) Right Direction / Communication
5.) Right Supervision / Evaluation
13
Q
Satefy Needs
A
- Personal security
- Protection from physical & emotional potential or actual harm
EX: Nurse uses proper hand hygiene, sterile technique, safe medication administration, skillfully move patients, addresses patient anxiety, explains new procedures or interventions
14
Q
Love & Belonging
A
- Understanding & acceptance of others in both giving & receiving love
- Feeling of belonging to groups
EX: Nurses include support persons in patient’s care, nurse-patient relationship is established on mutual trust, nurses refer patients to support groups
15
Q
Self-Esteem
A
- Feel good about themselves
- Feel pride & a sense of accomplishment
- Believe that others also respect & appreciate those accomplishments
EX: Nurses can recognize changes (mastectomy, puberty, etc.), can change patient’s perceptions of self, respect values & beliefs, encourage patients to set attainable goals, help garner support from support system
16
Q
Self-Actualization
A
- The need for people to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities
- Each lower level of need must be met to some degree before this need can be satisfied
EX: Acceptance of self & others as they are, ability to be objective, respect for all people
17
Q
Normal temperature range in F
A
96.4 - 99.5
Book says 96.6 - 99.5
18
Q
Normal temperature range in C
A
35.8 - 37.5
Book says 35.9 - 37.5
19
Q
Normal range for respirations
A
12 - 20 per minute
20
Q
Normal range for blood pressure
A
< 120 / 80
21
Q
Normal range for sodium (Na+)
A
135 - 145 mEq/L
22
Q
Normal range for Potassium (K+)
A
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
23
Q
Normal range for Calcium (Ca2+)
A
- Normal total serum Ca+ level: 8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL
- Normal ionized serum Ca+ level: 4.5 - 5.1 mg/dL
24
Q
Normal Range for Total Serum Calcium
A
8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL
25
**Normal Range for Ionized Calcium**
4.5 - 5.1 mg/dL
26
**Normal range for Chloride (Cl-)**
**97 - 107 mEq/L**
27
**Normal range of Bicarbonate (HCO3-)**
**25 - 29 mEq/L**
28
**Normal range of Phosphate (PO4-)**
**2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL**
29
**Normal Creatinine Range for Men & Women**
* **Men: 0.74 - 1.35 mg/dL**
* **Women: 0.59 - 1.04 mg/dL**
| **Book states adults are: 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL**
30
**Normal Creatinine Range for Men**
0.74 - 1.35 mg/dL
31
**Normal Creatinine Range for Women**
0.59 - 1.04 mg/dL
32
**Normal range for BUN to Creatinine Ratio**
**10:1 to 20:1**
33
**Normal range for BUN**
**6 - 24 mg/dL**
| Book states for people 12 & older normal BUN range is **8 - 23 mg/dL**
34
**What type of relationship occurs between Calcium & Phosphate?**
Inversely proportional relationship
35
**Explain the relationship between Calcium & Phosphate**
As blood calcium rises, phosphate levels fall
36
**Normal range of pH**
**7.35 - 7.45**
37
**Normal range of pCO2**
**35 - 45 mm**
38
**Normal range of HCO3**
## Footnote
****
**21 - 28 mEq/L**
| Book says **22 - 26 mEq/L**
39
**Normal range of pO2**
**80 - 100 mmHg**
40
**Normal range of SpO2 saturation**
**95 - 100%**
41
**Respiratory Acidosis Compensation**
**Metabolic Alkalosis:** tubular cells reabsorb more HCO3, collecting duct cells secrete more H+ & generating more HCO3
**Kidneys aid the lungs** (metabolci aids respiratory)
42
**Cause of Respiratory Alkalosis & provide an example**
**Hyperventilation (blow off too much CO2)**
* **Example: panic attack**
43
**Respiratory Alkalosis Compensation**
**Metabolic Acidosis:** kidneys excrete bicarb & conserve H; **shallow, rapid breaths**
**Kidneys aid the lungs** (metabolic aids respiratory)
44
**Metabolic Acidosis Cause**
* **Renal Failure**
* **Unmanageable diarrhea**
45
**Metabolic Acidosis Compensation & provide an example**
**Hyperventilation (blow off CO2)**
* **EX: Kussmaul breathing**
**Lungs aid the kidneys** (respiratoyr adis metabolic)
46
**Causes fo Metabolic Alkalosis**
* **Severe vomiting**
* **Excessive GI Suctioning**
* **Diuretics**
* **Excessive sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)**
47
**PTT**
**Partial Thromboplastin Time**
* Test uses a blood sample to **measure how long it takes blood to clot**
* Monitor warfarin & heparin
48
**INR**
**International Normalized Ratio**
* Type of calculation based on PT results
* **Normal Range in Healthy People: 1.1 or below**
* **Normal Range for those on Warfarin: 2.0 - 3.0**
49
**Normal range for INR**
* **Health People:** 1.1 or below
* **Indiduals on Warfarin:** 2.0 - 3.0
50
**Unintentional Tort**
**Negligence & malpractice**
(same meaning, but malpractice refers to professional exhibiting negligence)
**EX: falls, skin breakdown**
51
**Negligence Definition**
**Performing an act that a reasonably prudent person under similar circumstances would no do or, conversely, failing to perform an act that a reasonably prudent person under similar circumstances would do**
52
**Intentional Tort: Assult**
**Assult:** threat or attempt to harm
**EX: threatening to give apatient an injection despite them protesting**
53
**Intentional Tort: Battery**
**Battery:** an assult carried out, physical act or forced care / treatment
**EX: giving an injection against patient's will, forcibly removing a patient's clothing**
54
**Intentional Tort: False Imprisionment**
**False Imprisionment:** Unjustified retention or prevention of the movement of another person without consnet
**EX: all 4 bed rails up, indiscriminate & thoughtless use of restraints**
55
**Intentional Tort: Defamation**
**Defamation:** derogatory remarks that deminish one's reputation; **libel =** written**; slander =** spoken
**EX: nurse makes false or exaggerated statmeents bout their patients or coworkers**
56
**Intentional Tort: Invasion of Privacy**
**Invasion of Privacy:** breaking confidentiality, accessing information you're not privy to
**EX: unnecessary exposure of patient** (i.e. open hospital gown when walking)**, discussing patient's in environments where others can hear, soliciting information not needed for care planning, not concealing patient identity in case studies or research**
57
**Intentional Tort: Fraud**
**Fraud:** misrepresentation
**EX: nurse reporting vital sings that they never collected, misrepresenting the outcome of a procedure, illegally obtaining a license**
58
**List types of UNINTENTIONAL Tort**
* Negligence
* Malpractice
59
**List types of INTENTINOAL Tort**
* Assault
* Battery
* False Imprisionment
* Defamation
* Invasion of Privacy
* Fraud
60
**HESI HINT: Positive Question Style**
Most questions are written in a positive style
**Positive questions may ask what the nurse should do or what the best or firtst nursing intervention should be**
61
**HESI HINT: Negative Question Style**
* Negative style questions contain key words that denote the negative sytle
**EX:** "Which response indicates a nurse should **reteach?**" or "Which medication order should the nurse **question?**"
62
**What are the 3 legal requirements of a surgical permit?**
* Voluntary
* Informed
* Written
63
**What is the nurse's legal respnosibility when asked to perform a task for which he / she is unprepared?**
Inform the HCP requesting the task & refuse to perform the task
64
**What is the nurse's action when a prescription is believed to be incorrect?**
* Inform the HCP & note the record of same & their response
* Notify the nursing supervisor
* Refuse to carry out the prescription
65
**By what authority can RNs delegate nursing care to others?**
**State Nurse Practice Act**
66
**A UAP may perform care that falls within which component of the nursing process?**
**Implementation**
* As far as ADPIE, UAPs cannot typically perform duties that fall within the ADP or E steps (assessment, diagnosis, planning, or evaluation)
67
**Type of communication to implement a democratic leadership style**
**Assertive**
* Assertive communication begins with **"I need..."** NOT "You must..."
68
**Which of the following can be delegated to a UAP?**
**a.)** Inserting a Foley cathether
**b.)** Measuring & recording a client's output through a Foley catheter
**c.)** Teaching a client how to care for a catheter after discharge
**d.)** Assessing for symptoms of a UTI
**b.) Measuring & recording the client's output through a foley catheter** (falls within IMPLEMENTATION phase & does nto require nursing judgement (however, EVALUATION of I & O must be done by a nurse)
* A.) Inserting Foley = **sterile procedure**
* C.) **Teaching** client about catheter care after dc
* D.) **Assessing** for symptoms of a UTI
69
**Essential steps of supervision**
* Direction
* Evaluation
* Follow-Up
70
**What is beneficence?**
Do good
| calling family to say pt is critically ill but we are caring for them
71
**What is fidelity?**
**faithful** & follow through
| follow through with your nursing responsibilities
72
**What is nonmaleficence?**
**avoid causing harm**
* double checking a drug dose with another nurse
73
**What is verocity?**
**very honest (tell the truth)**
| med error with no adverse rxn, but still report it
74
**Regarding Tort Law, who does the burden of proof lie with?**
**the accuser,** NOT the accused
