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Sonography > HESI A2 A&P > Flashcards

HESI A2 A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What is a characteristic of viral herpes?
A) Fever
B) Rash
C) Skin Eruption
D) Muscle Weakness

A

Skin Eruption

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2
Q

When a boxer gets hit and has a deviated septum, which anatomical structure is affected?
A) Nasal Bone
B) Mandible
C) Vomer (in nose)
D) Maxilla

A

Vomer (in nose)

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3
Q

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory system?
A) Larynx
B) Pharynx
C) Trachea
D) Bronchi

A

Pharynx

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4
Q

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in?
A) Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers
B) Leg, inability to dorsiflex foot
C) Hand, inability to flex fingers
D) Back, inability to extend spine

A

Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers

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5
Q

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
A) Hyoid Bone
B) Femur
C) Tibia
D) Radius

A

Hyoid Bone

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6
Q

Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?
A) They produce antibodies to fight infections
B) They regulate body temperature through sweat production
C) They aid in digestion by producing enzymes
D) They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function

A

They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function

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7
Q

Diet is important because bones are storage places for?
A) Vitamin C & Vitamin D
B) Sodium & Potassium
C) Calcium & Phosphorus
D) Iron & Magnesium

A

Calcium & Phosphorus

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8
Q

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and urinary system?
A) Prostate gland
B) Testes
C) Urethra
D) Epididymis

A

Urethra

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9
Q

Ligaments provide which connection?
A) Bone to bone
B) Muscle to bone
C) Tendon to muscle
D) Muscle to muscle

A

Bone to bone

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10
Q

Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Urethra
C) Ureter
D) Renal vein

A

Ureter

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11
Q

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?
A) Lactic Acid
B) Glucose
C) ATP
D) Carbon Dioxide

A

Lactic Acid

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12
Q

As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Chondrocytes
D) Fibroblasts

A

Osteoclasts

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13
Q

Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the body through which process?
A) Radiation
B) Convection
C) Evaporation
D) Conduction

A

Evaporation

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14
Q

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian and the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color, the nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?
A) Bananas and apples
B) Carrot and squash
C) Spinach and broccoli
D) Beans and lentils

A

Carrot and squash

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15
Q

Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?
A) Palms facing anterior
B) Palms facing posterior
C) Palms facing lateral
D) Palms facing medial

A

Palms facing anterior

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16
Q

Which structure is a ball & socket joint?
A) Shoulder
B) Hip
C) Elbow
D) Knee

A

Shoulder

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17
Q

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus & stapes?
A) Skull & Ear
B) Nasal Cavity
C) Spinal Cord
D) Pharynx

A

Skull & Ear

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18
Q

What are like cells grouped together called?
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Organ System
D) Organism

A

Tissue

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19
Q

The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?
A) Popliteal
B) Carotid
C) Radial
D) Femoral

A

Popliteal

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20
Q

Ceruminous (apocrine) glands secrete?
A) Earwax
B) Saliva
C) Sebum
D) Sweat

A

Earwax

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21
Q

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?
A) Hinge
B) Ball and Socket
C) Pivot
D) Gliding

A

Hinge

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22
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated / increased?
A) Cardiac output
B) Respiratory rate increases
C) Digestion decreases
D) Urination decreases

A

Cardiac Output

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23
Q

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Oral cavity
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus

A

Oral cavity

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24
Q

Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Plasma Membrane
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Plasma membrane

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25
Q

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?
A) Abdominal cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Cranial cavity
D) Pelvic cavity

A

Thoracic cavity

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26
Q

What is the effect of Serotonin, a neurotransmitter?
A) Regulates muscle contraction
B) Stimulates adrenaline release
C) Controls blood sugar levels
D) Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

A

Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

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27
Q

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?
A) H2O is excreted into the urinary filtrate
B) Sodium ions are excreted
C) H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate
D) Potassium ions are re-absorbed

A

H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate

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28
Q

What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)?
A) Blood clotting
B) Oxygen transport
C) Muscle contraction
D) Hormone production

A

Blood clotting

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29
Q

Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of the lower extremity?
A) Rectus Femoris
B) Vastus Medialis
C) Vastus Intermedius
D) Vastus Lateralis

A

Vastus Lateralis

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30
Q

Which structure is located on the sternum?
A) Clavicle
B) Body
C) Xiphoid Process
D) Manubrium

A

Xiphoid Process

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31
Q

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?
A) Head / Skull
B) Limbs
C) Torso / Chest
D) Abdomen

A

Head / Skull

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32
Q

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?
A) Plasma
B) Hemoglobin
C) Platelets
D) Red Blood Cells

A

Hemoglobin

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33
Q

Which gland is commonly known as the “Master Gland?”
A) Thyroid Gland
B) Pancreas
C) Pituitary Gland
D) Adrenal Gland

A

Pituitary Gland

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34
Q

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?
A) Cartilage
B) Tendon
C) Ligament
D) Muscle

A

Ligament

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35
Q

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?
A) Hair follicle
B) Eccrine gland
C) Sebaceous gland
D) Nail

A

Eccrine gland (Merocrine / Sweat gland)

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36
Q

Which statement are true about bone?
A) Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone)
B) Osteocytes (mature bone cells), Spongy bone, Compact bone
C) Osteoclasts (break down bone), Periosteum (outer covering of bone), Axial skeleton
D) Marrow cavity, Fontanelles, Haversian canals

A

Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone)

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37
Q

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?
A) Ear
B) Nose
C) Mouth
D) Eye

A

Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea)

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38
Q

The malleus, incus & stapes are located in which part of the body?
A) Head
B) Ear
C) Throat
D) Nose

A

Ear

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39
Q

Dorsiflexion & Plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?
A) Knee
B) Hand
C) Foot
D) Elbow

A

Foot

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40
Q

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Coronary artery

A

Pulmonary vein (Remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to the heart, Arteries carry oxygen & nutrients away from the heart)

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41
Q

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?
A) Parietal Lobe
B) Occipital Lobe
C) Frontal Lobe
D) Temporal Lobe

A

Temporal Lobe

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42
Q

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?
A) Semicircular canals
B) Vestibule
C) Cochlea
D) Eustachian tube

A

Cochlea

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43
Q

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?
A) Uterus
B) Ovary
C) Cervix
D) Fallopian tubes

A

Fallopian tubes (also called uterine tubes)

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44
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?
A) Arm
B) Upper leg
C) Foot
D) Lower leg

A

Lower leg

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45
Q

An overproduction of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?
A) Middle ear
B) Inner ear
C) External ear and canals
D) Eustachian tube

A

External ear and canals

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46
Q

The mitral valve is located between which two structures?
A) Left ventricle and right atrium
B) Right ventricle and left atrium
C) Left ventricle and left atrium
D) Right ventricle and right atrium

A

Left ventricle and right atrium

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47
Q

The olfactory nerve is associated with which sense?
A) Taste
B) Hearing
C) Sight
D) Smell

A

Smell

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48
Q

Which vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Vena cava

A

Vena Cava

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49
Q

Which hormones are produced by the ovaries?
A) Testosterone and Estrogen
B) Estrogen and Progesterone
C) Progesterone and Testosterone
D) FSH and LH

A

Estrogen progesterone

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50
Q

Plane divides the body into left and right sides?
A) Coronal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Frontal

A

Sagittal

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51
Q

Two divisions that make up the nervous system?
A) PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central)
B) CNS & ANS (Central & Autonomic)
C) SNS & ANS (Somatic & Autonomic)
D) PNS & ANS (Peripheral & Autonomic)

A

PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central)

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52
Q

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing?
A) Epiphysis
B) Diaphysis
C) Periosteum
D) Medullary cavity

A

Epiphysis

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53
Q

Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?
A) Cerebrum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

A

Medulla oblongata

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54
Q

Which term is used to describe movement of arms and legs away from the midline of the body?
A) Flexion
B) Adduction
C) Abduction
D) Extension

A

Abduction (AB = Away from) (Correct Answer)

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55
Q

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?
A) Femoral artery
B) Carotid artery
C) Jugular vein
D) Radial artery

A

Carotid artery

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56
Q

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
A) Growth hormone
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
D) Insulin

A

Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)

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57
Q

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?
A) Maintain blood pressure
B) Regulate body temperature
C) Carry oxygen
D) Produce hormones

A

Carry oxygen

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58
Q

What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?
A) Rise in CO2; Fall in O2
B) Rise in O2; Fall in CO2
C) Rise in CO2; Rise in O2
D) Fall in CO2; Rise in O2

A

Rise in CO2; Fall in O2

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59
Q

Which condition causes a client to say, “I can’t see far away?”
A) Nearsightedness
B) Farsightedness
C) Astigmatism
D) Presbyopia

A

nearsightedness

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60
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Synthesize carbs & glycoproteins
B) Packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell
C) Break down cellular waste
D) Produce ATP

A

Packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell
Synthesize carbs & glycoproteins

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61
Q

What organ produces insulin?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Kidney
D) Gallbladder

A

Pancreas

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62
Q

Fertilization occurs in the?
A) Uterus
B) Ovary
C) Oviduct (fallopian tube)
D) Cervix

A

Oviduct

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63
Q

When drawing blood from the antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?
A) Brachial artery
B) Radial artery
C) Ulnar artery
D) Median cubital vein

A

Median cubital

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64
Q

What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?
A) Estrogen
B) Testosterone & Estrogen
C) Progesterone
D) Thyroid hormone

A

Testosterone and estrogen

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65
Q

Increase rate of breathing results in what blood pH change?
A) Alkalosis
B) Acidosis
C) Neutral pH
D) Hyperacidity

A

Alkalosis

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66
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?
A) Regulates balance and thermoregulation
B) Controls blood sugar levels
C) Produces insulin
D) Regulates heart rate

A

Regulates balance and thermoregulation

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67
Q

How many calories per gram do carbohydrates contain?
A) 7
B) 6
C) 5
D) 4

A

4

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68
Q

When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this process is called?
A) Active transport
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Exocytosis

A

Osmosis

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69
Q

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?
A) Body becomes more alkaline
B) Body becomes more acidic
C) Body temperature decreases
D) Blood pressure decreases

A

Npdy becomes more acidic

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70
Q

What part of the body is the lower back?
A) Thoracic
B) Cervical
C) Lumbar
D) Sacral

A

Lumbar

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71
Q

High levels of which ion would most likely result in cardiac arrest?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium

A

Potassium

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72
Q

What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney?
A) Renal artery
B) Hepatic vein
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Renal vein

A

Renal vein

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73
Q

What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?
A) Parathyroid gland
B) Pituitary gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Thyroid gland

A

Thyroid

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74
Q

In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis?
A) Lymphocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Macrophages and neutrophils
D) Basophils

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

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75
Q

What structure of the eye picks out color?
A) Lens
B) Cornea
C) Retina
D) Optic nerve

A

Retina

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76
Q

What is the most protective layer of the skin?
A) Dermis
B) Subcutaneous tissue
C) Epidermis
D) Melanocytes

A

Epidermis

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77
Q

The organ of Corti is located in the?
A) Eye
B) Brain
C) Nose
D) Ear

A

Ear

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78
Q

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?
A) Large intestine
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Liver

A

Small intestine

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79
Q

The Rough ER functions in human cells to?
A) Store energy
B) Synthesize proteins
C) Detoxify drugs and toxins
D) Produce ATP

A

Synthesize proteins

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80
Q

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?
A) Fat
B) Carbohydrates
C) Protein
D) Vitamins

A

Protein

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81
Q

What is the definition of chyme?
A) A solid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach
B) A liquid produced by the liver to aid in digestion
C) A semi-solid mass of undigested food expelled by the stomach
D) A semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum

A

A semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum

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82
Q

What are hormones?
A) Enzymes
B) Organelles
C) Chemical messengers
D) Proteins

A

Chemical messengers

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83
Q

What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, & progesterone?
A) Uterus
B) Vagina
C) Ovaries
D) Fallopian tubes

A

Ovaries

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84
Q

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?
A) Endocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Diffusion
D) Cilia

A

Cilia

85
Q

Which is a hollow organ?
A) Liver
B) Gall bladder
C) Pancreas
D) Spleen

A

Gall bladder

86
Q

Which muscle(s) is included in the quad femoris group?
A) Rectus femoris
B) Vastus lateralis
C) Vastus medialis
D) Vastus intermedius

A

(Correct Answer: All of the above)

87
Q

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?
A) Diaphragm
B) Alveoli
C) Bronchi
D) Medulla oblongata

A

Medulla oblongata

88
Q

A client has a large pituitary tumor. What part of the body does this affect?
A) Heart
B) Kidneys
C) Brain
D) Liver

A

Brain

89
Q

Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?
A) Spleen
B) Thymus
C) Red bone marrow
D) Tonsils

A

Red bone marrow

90
Q

What occurs when sympathetic nervous system stimulation is increased?
A) Blood pressure rises & goose bumps
B) Blood pressure decreases
C) Heart rate decreases
D) Respiratory rate decreases

A

Blood pressure rises & goose bumps

91
Q

The buttocks are which surface of the body?
A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Ventral
D) Dorsal

A

Posterior

92
Q

The esophagus is located in which body cavity?
A) Abdominal
B) Pelvic
C) Thoracic
D) Cranial

A

Thoracic

93
Q

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?
A) External auditory canal & inner ear
B) Inner ear & middle ear
C) Middle ear & external auditory canal
D) External auditory canal & middle ear

A

External auditory canal & middle ear

94
Q

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?
A) 21 days
B) 28 days
C) 35 days
D) 42 days

A

28

95
Q

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?
A) Thymus
B) Spleen
C) Red bone marrow
D) Tonsils

A

Thymus

96
Q

Calcaneus is located in?
A) Hand
B) Foot
C) Arm
D) Leg

A

Foot

97
Q

Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?
A) Digest food
B) Pump blood
C) Expel waste
D) Regulate body temperature

A

Expel waste

98
Q

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?
A) Fallopian tubes
B) Ovaries
C) Uterus
D) Cervix

A

Ovaries

99
Q

What are fingerprints made of?
A) Hair
B) Friction ridges
C) Skin cells
D) Sweat

A

Friction ridges

100
Q

ABCD of cancer?
A) Adenoma
B) Benign
C) Melanoma
D) Nevus

A

Melanoma

101
Q

Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?
A) Abdominal region
B) Pelvic region
C) Thoracic region
D) Cranial region

A

Pelvic region

102
Q

Which one up angle at the joint?
A) Flexor
B) Extensor
C) Adductor
D) Abductor

A

Extensor

103
Q

Which hormone is released by the posterior lobe?
A) Growth hormone
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Oxytocin & ADH
D) Prolactin

A

Oxytocin & ADH

104
Q

Order of organization of living things?
A) Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere, Organelles, Cells
B) Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere
C) Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere, Organelles
D) Organelles, Cells, Organs, Tissues, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere

A

Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere, Organelles, Cells

105
Q

All living things are made up of?
A) Organs
B) Cells
C) Molecules
D) Tissues

A

Cells

106
Q

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?
A) Long bones
B) Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles
C) Short bones
D) Irregular bones

A

Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles

107
Q

Most obvious skin cancer?
A) Melanoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Basal cell carcinoma
D) Kaposi sarcoma

A

Basal cell carcinoma

108
Q

Active transport requires?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Requires energy (ATP) from the cell
D) Requires energy from the environment

A

Requires energy (ATP) from the cell

109
Q

Passive transport?
A) Requires energy
B) Does not require energy

A

Does not require energy

110
Q

Diffusion is?
A) Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration
B) Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, low to high concentration
C) Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient
D) Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of equal concentration

A

Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration

111
Q

Osmosis is?
A) Movement of solutes across a membrane
B) Movement of ions across a membrane
C) Movement of water across a membrane, low to high concentration
D) Movement of water across a membrane, high to low concentration

A

Movement of water across a membrane, high to low concentration

112
Q

Fibrous joints are?
A) Immovable joints held together by cartilage
B) Freely movable joints held together by synovial fluid
C) Stationary joints held together by ligaments only
D) Movable joints held together by tendons

A

Stationary joints held together by ligaments only

113
Q

Cartilaginous is?
A) Connection between articulating bones made up of ligaments
B) Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage
C) Connection between articulating bones made up of synovial fluid
D) Connection between articulating bones made up of fibrous tissue

A

Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage

114
Q

Synovial joints are?
A) Immovable joints
B) Stationary joints
C) Freely mobile
D) Slightly movable joints

A

Freely mobile

115
Q

Types of asexual reproduction?
A) Fertilization and meiosis
B) Binary fission and mitosis
C) Gametogenesis and fertilization
D) Meiosis and budding

A

Binary fission and mitosis

116
Q

What is the eustachian tube?
A) Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear
B) Links the oropharynx to the middle ear
C) Links the laryngopharynx to the inner ear
D) Links the middle ear to the cochlea

A

Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

117
Q

Calciferol (aka vitamin D) is controlled by?
A) Thyroid hormone
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Adrenal hormone
D) Insulin

A

Parathyroid hormone

118
Q

Sebaceous gland function?
A) Secretes sweat
B) Secretes oil
C) Secretes hormones
D) Secretes enzymes

A

Secretes oil

119
Q

What is endocytosis?
A) Engulfs and brings in
B) Fuses with plasma membrane & releases contents outside of the cell
C) Breaks down cellular waste
D) Regulates cell metabolism

A

Engulfs and brings in (endo = internal)

120
Q

Pituitary gland produces?
A) Insulin
B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone
C) Thyroid hormone
D) Parathyroid hormone

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone

121
Q

What does the adrenal gland secrete?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol & Aldosterone
C) Thyroid hormone
D) Parathyroid hormone

A

Cortisol & Aldosterone

122
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place in?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus

A

Mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy

123
Q

anaerobic respiration produces?
A) Water
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Energy and uses glucose
D) ATP

A

Energy and uses glucose, but produces less energy and does NOT require oxygen

124
Q

What parts of the respiratory system are in the upper respiratory?
A) Trachea and bronchi
B) Bronchioles and alveolar ducts
C) Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
D) Nasal cavity and pharynx

A

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

125
Q

Aerobic respirations happen in the presence of?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Hydrogen

A

Oxygen

126
Q

What is the soft spot on a baby’s head?
A) Cranial suture
B) Parietal bone
C) Fontanelle
D) Occipital bone

A

Fontanelle

127
Q

Layers of the epidermis?
A) Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale
B) Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous tissue
C) Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum
D) Dermis, Epidermis, Hypodermis

A

Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

128
Q

The top of the sternum is called?
A) Xiphoid process
B) Manubrium
C) Body
D) Sternal notch

A

Manubrium

129
Q

Parts of the sternum?
A) Body, Manubrium, Xiphoid Process
B) Xiphoid Process, Manubrium, Body
C) Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
D) Xiphoid Process, Body, Manubrium

A

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

130
Q

What makes up most plasma?
A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Water

A

Water

131
Q

Polypeptides are?
A) Simple sugars
B) Fats
C) Chains of amino acids
D) Nucleic acids

A

Chains of amino acids

132
Q

What is mitosis?
A) The process of cell division
B) The process of DNA replication
C) The formation of gametes
D) The fusion of two haploid cells

A

The process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis

133
Q

What is Meosis?
A) The process of DNA replication
B) The formation of polypeptides
C) Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells
D) The fusion of two haploid cells

A

Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells

134
Q

Ribs are attached to the?
A) Clavicle
B) Scapula
C) Sternum
D) Vertebrae

A

Sternum

135
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract?

A) To enzymatically break down food.
B) To perform gas exchange.
C) To absorb nutrients into blood.
D) To eliminate unabsorbed waste.

A

To perform gas exchange.

136
Q

What is the best definition of homeostasis?

A a process whereby the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in internal and external conditions
B a process whereby the body breaks down glucose to make energy to fuel other cellular processes
C a process by which the body minimizes and responds to infection by microorganisms like bacteria and viruses
D a process through which the body maintains its genetic composition throughout despite different cells having different functions

A

a process whereby the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in internal and external conditions

137
Q

Which best describes how the endocrine system works?

A defense through the use of antibodies
B communication through the use of hormones
C movement by contraction upon nervous stimulation
D blood flow through the use of the heart muscle

A

communication through the use of hormones

138
Q

Which anatomical directional term refers to a body part being located toward the front of the body?

A lateral
B superior
C anterior
D posterior

A

anterior

139
Q

Where is Vitamin K created in the body?

A liver
B lungs
C large intestine
D gall bladder

A

large intestine

140
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A skin
B small intestine
C femur
D stomach

A

skin

141
Q

A medical scientist studies the parenchyma of the kidney. What specific type of science is this?

A biology
B physiology
C anatomy
D histology

A

histology

142
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A red blood cell formation
B white blood cell formation
C the destruction of red blood cells
D the destruction of white blood cells

A

red blood cell formation

143
Q

Which body part lacks keratin?

A hair
B skin
C nails
D teeth

A

teeth

144
Q

What is the relationship between sarcomeres, myofibrils, and muscle cells?

A Sarcomeres contain muscle cells, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres.
B Myofibrils contain sarcomeres, which in turn are made up of muscle cells.
C Muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres.
D Muscle cells contain sarcomeres, which in turn are made up of myofibrils.

A

Muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres.

145
Q

A person who has torn their vastus lateralis muscle will need which of the following?

A an arm sling
B a cane or crutches
C a rib support brace
D a neck brace

A

a cane or crutches

146
Q

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

A diaphysis
B epiphysis
C osteoclast
D osteoblast

A

diaphysis

147
Q

What is primarily regulated by the medulla oblongata?

A balance
B personality
C heart rate
D sensory input

A

heart rate

148
Q

Which of the following is true about simple reflexes?

A They travel through the spinal cord to the brain.
B They travel only through the spinal cord.
C They travel only through the brain.
D They do not travel and remain localized

A

They travel only through the spinal cord

149
Q

Estrogen serves what primary function in the female reproductive system?

A It initiates the preparation of the endometrium.
B It triggers the release of the egg from the ovary.
C It causes fertilization of the egg in the oviduct.
D It stimulates the lactation of breast milk

A

It initiates the preparation of the endometrium.

150
Q

What is the name of the structure that transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

A urethra
B tubule
C ureter
D nephron

A

ureter

151
Q

Humans can survive most easily without which of the following?

A pancreas
B lungs
C gallbladder
D liver

A

gallbladder

152
Q

Which of the following is NOT a role of cortisol?

A reducing inflammation
B raising the blood sugar level
C inhibiting the release of histamine
D controlling motor impulses

A

controlling motor impulses

153
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord?

A 7
B 12
C 24
D 31

A

31

154
Q

Which organelles are hair-like extensions that move substances over a cell’s surface?

A Cilia
B Golgi apparati
C Centrioles
D Mitochondria

A

Cilia

155
Q

What is the function of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)?

A Is part of the cell membrane
B Provides energy for the cell
C Serves as a secondary messenger
D Is an endocrine hormone

A

Serves as a secondary messenger

156
Q

The neuron is composed of ________, which transmit signals toward the cell body, and a(n) _______, which transmits signals away from the cell body.

A dendrites, axon
B axons, dendrite
C filaments, axon
D axons, filament

A

dendrites, axon

157
Q

Where is the pectoralis major muscle located?

A in the chest
B in the back
C in the feet
D in the buttocks

A

in the chest

158
Q

Which is a steroid hormone?

A insulin
B calcitonin
C adrenaline
D estrogen

A

estrogen

159
Q

Which pair of hormones regulates blood calcium homeostasis?

A thyroid hormone and calcitonin
B parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
C insulin and glucagon
D adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

160
Q

Which organ within the digestive system is a site of both mechanical and chemical digestion?

A esophagus
B small intestine
C stomach
D large intestine

A

stomach

161
Q

A woman’s body usually ovulates around what day in a normal 28 day cycle?

A Day 1
B Day 10
C Day 14
D Day 22

A

Day 14

162
Q

Where are sperm stored in the male body once produced?

A scrotal sac
B epididymis
C seminal vesicles
D Cowper’s glands

A

epididymis

163
Q

Which of these is the best analogy describing the function of the kidneys?

A A wastewater treatment plant
B A control center
C A medical facility
D A soldier training facility

A

A wastewater treatment plant

164
Q

What is the most widely distributed type of sweat gland?

A Apocrine
B Endocrine
C Eccrine
D Submucosal

A

Eccrine

165
Q

One child is playing on the playground and decides to climb the castle while another child stays on the ground. When the first child reaches the top of the castle, their position relative to the second child sitting on the ground is ________.

A superior
B inferior
C anterior
D posterior

A

superior

166
Q

Extending an arm straight out to the side of the body would be described as a(n) _______ movement, while returning it back to the side of the body is a(n) ______ movement.

A distal, proximal
B lateral, medial
C posterior, anterior
D inferior, superior

A

lateral, medial

167
Q

What plane divides your face in half down the middle?

A midsagittal
B transverse
C oblique
D frontal

A

midsagittal

168
Q

Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?

A scapula
B ulna
C fibula
D temporal

A

temporal

169
Q

Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory system?

A bronchi
B pharynx
C lungs
D trachea

A

pharynx

170
Q

Which blood vessel returns blood from the systemic circuit to the heart?

A coronary sinus
B aorta
C superior vena cava
D pulmonary vein

A

superior vena cava

171
Q

What type of hormones are follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone?

A tropic
B secondary
C steroid
D adrenal

A

tropic

172
Q

What is the purpose of the mastication of food?

A to absorb proteins
B to increase its surface area
C to prevent digestion
D to neutralize stomach acid

A

to increase its surface area

173
Q

Which hormone stimulates the interstitial cells of the testicles to produce testosterone?

A estrogen
B luteinizing hormone
C follicle-stimulating hormone
D growth hormone

A

luteinizing hormone

174
Q

Which of the following happens during inhalation?

A thorax decreases in size
B external intercostal muscles relax
C diaphragm contracts
D air pressure in lungs increases

A

diaphragm contracts

175
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A sesamoid
B flat
C long
D irregular

A

sesamoid

176
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do?

A carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
B carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
C carries deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
D carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

A

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

177
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains cells that undergo mitosis?

A stratum lucidum
B stratum spinosum
C stratum basale
D stratum corneum

A

stratum basale

178
Q

Which statement is correct?

A The dorsal cavity includes the thoracic and spinal cavities.
B The ventral cavity includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
C The dorsal cavity includes the spinal and abdominopelvic cavities.
D The ventral cavity includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

A

The ventral cavity includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

179
Q

What process reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell in half?

A binary fission
B mitosis
C fertilization
D meiosis

A

meiosis

180
Q

Where is adipose tissue located in the skin?

A stratum corneum
B hypodermis
C dermis
D stratum granulosum

A

hypodermis

181
Q

Which section of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae?

A cervical
B thoracic
C lumbar
D sacral

A

thoracic

182
Q

Which of the following glands is correctly matched with a hormone it secretes?

A adrenal cortex: adrenaline
B thyroid: thyroid stimulating hormone
C pancreas: glucagon
D parathyroid: calcitonin

A

pancreas: glucagon

183
Q

From what type of blood cell are platelets derived?

A thrombocytes
B leukocytes
C lymphocytes
D erythrocytes

A

thrombocytes

184
Q

Where does the chemical digestion of proteins primarily occur within the digestive system?

A mouth and stomach
B small intestine and large intestine
C stomach and small intestine
D mouth and esophagus

A

stomach and small intestine

185
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Tubules
Glomerulus
Nephron
Ureter

A

Nephron

186
Q

The nervous system is divided into two parts, namely ___________ and ____________.

The central nervous system and spinal cord
The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system and somatic nervous system
The central nervous system and autonomic nervous system

A

The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

187
Q

The specialized junction from which nerve impulses pass from one neuron to the next is called a _______________________.

Node of Ranvier
Dendrite
Axon terminal
Synapse

A

Synapse

188
Q

Which type of bone has a diaphysis and two epiphyses?

Irregular bone
Short bone
Long bone
Flat bone

A

Long bone

189
Q

Which of the following is not found in the vertebral column?

Atlas
Vomer
Axis
Coccyx

A

Vomer

190
Q

Which of the following correctly describes the function of luteinizing hormone?

It stimulates spermatogenesis in males
It stimulates the production of testosterone in males
It stimulates the maturation of the ovarian follicle in females
It stimulates the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle in females

A

It stimulates the production of testosterone in males

191
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect about estrogen?

It is responsible for the female secondary sex characteristics
It is produced by the cells of the ovarian follicle
It stimulates ovulation
It stimulates the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle

A

It stimulates ovulation

192
Q

Which of the following is a function of a neutrophil?

Phagocytosis of bacteria
Production of antibodies
Elimination of protozoa
Initiating allergic response

A

Phagocytosis of bacteria

193
Q

Which of the following structure-function is incorrectly paired?

Spleen—Filters blood
Yellow bone marrow—Production of platelets
Red bone marrow—Production of B lymphocyte
Thymus—development of T lymphocyte

A

Yellow bone marrow—Production of platelets

194
Q

The bolus is formed in which part of the digestive system?

Oral cavity
Stomach
Pharynx
Esophagus

A

Oral cavity

195
Q

Which of the following correctly describes chyme?

Partially digested food mixed with an intestinal secretion
Partially digested food mixed with pancreatic secretions
Partially digested food mixed with saliva
Partially digested food mixed with gastric juice

A

Partially digested food mixed with gastric juice

196
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

Absorption of nutrients
Mastication
Compaction of waste to feces
Propulsion of feces to the rectum

A

Absorption of nutrients

197
Q

The pectoralis major pulls the arm towards the midline. This movement is called _________.

Flexion
Abduction
Adduction
Supination

A

Adduction

198
Q

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

Calcium binds to myosin to initiate the formation of cross-bridges between myosin and actin
Calcium binds to actin to initiate the formation of cross-bridges between myosin and actin
Calcium binds to tropomyosin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin
Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin

A

Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin

199
Q

Which structure in the eye is responsible for color vision?

Iris
Cones
Rods
Lens

A

Cones

200
Q

Which structure controls the activity of the endocrine system?

Thyroid gland
Hypothalamus
Parathyroid gland
Pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

201
Q

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?

Coronal
Sagittal
Transverse
Frontal

A

Sagittal

202
Q

The left atrium receives blood from the ______.

Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava

A

Pulmonary vein

203
Q

Which tissue has multinucleated striated cylindrical fibers and moves the body under voluntary control?

Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cancellous bone
Compact bone

A

Skeletal muscle

204
Q

Which is the most abundant nervous tissue?

Neurons
Dendrites
Neuroglia
Myelin

A

Neuroglia

205
Q

What does the EKG do?

Records interventricular pressure
Records electrical activity of the heart
Records interatrial pressure
Records mechanical activity of the heart

A

Records electrical activity of the heart

206
Q

Which of the following glands is correctly paired with its hormone?

Gonads-Follicle stimulating hormone
Parathyroid gland-Thyroid hormone
Pancreas-Glucagon
Adrenal cortex-Epinephrine

A

Pancreas-Glucagon

207
Q

The tibia is _______ to the femur.

Distal
Lateral
Medial
Proximal

A

Distal

208
Q

Where does erythropoiesis take place?

Red bone marrow
Heart
Yellow bone marrow
Thymus

A

Red bone marrow

Sonography (3 decks)

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