HESI A2 A&P Flashcards
What is a characteristic of viral herpes?
A) Fever
B) Rash
C) Skin Eruption
D) Muscle Weakness
Skin Eruption
When a boxer gets hit and has a deviated septum, which anatomical structure is affected?
A) Nasal Bone
B) Mandible
C) Vomer (in nose)
D) Maxilla
Vomer (in nose)
Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory system?
A) Larynx
B) Pharynx
C) Trachea
D) Bronchi
Pharynx
A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in?
A) Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers
B) Leg, inability to dorsiflex foot
C) Hand, inability to flex fingers
D) Back, inability to extend spine
Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers
Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
A) Hyoid Bone
B) Femur
C) Tibia
D) Radius
Hyoid Bone
Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?
A) They produce antibodies to fight infections
B) They regulate body temperature through sweat production
C) They aid in digestion by producing enzymes
D) They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function
They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function
Diet is important because bones are storage places for?
A) Vitamin C & Vitamin D
B) Sodium & Potassium
C) Calcium & Phosphorus
D) Iron & Magnesium
Calcium & Phosphorus
Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and urinary system?
A) Prostate gland
B) Testes
C) Urethra
D) Epididymis
Urethra
Ligaments provide which connection?
A) Bone to bone
B) Muscle to bone
C) Tendon to muscle
D) Muscle to muscle
Bone to bone
Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Urethra
C) Ureter
D) Renal vein
Ureter
Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?
A) Lactic Acid
B) Glucose
C) ATP
D) Carbon Dioxide
Lactic Acid
As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Chondrocytes
D) Fibroblasts
Osteoclasts
Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the body through which process?
A) Radiation
B) Convection
C) Evaporation
D) Conduction
Evaporation
When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian and the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color, the nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?
A) Bananas and apples
B) Carrot and squash
C) Spinach and broccoli
D) Beans and lentils
Carrot and squash
Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?
A) Palms facing anterior
B) Palms facing posterior
C) Palms facing lateral
D) Palms facing medial
Palms facing anterior
Which structure is a ball & socket joint?
A) Shoulder
B) Hip
C) Elbow
D) Knee
Shoulder
Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus & stapes?
A) Skull & Ear
B) Nasal Cavity
C) Spinal Cord
D) Pharynx
Skull & Ear
What are like cells grouped together called?
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Organ System
D) Organism
Tissue
The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?
A) Popliteal
B) Carotid
C) Radial
D) Femoral
Popliteal
Ceruminous (apocrine) glands secrete?
A) Earwax
B) Saliva
C) Sebum
D) Sweat
Earwax
What type of synovial joint is the elbow?
A) Hinge
B) Ball and Socket
C) Pivot
D) Gliding
Hinge
What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated / increased?
A) Cardiac output
B) Respiratory rate increases
C) Digestion decreases
D) Urination decreases
Cardiac Output
Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Oral cavity
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus
Oral cavity
Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Plasma Membrane
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Plasma membrane
The mediastinum is located within which cavity?
A) Abdominal cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Cranial cavity
D) Pelvic cavity
Thoracic cavity
What is the effect of Serotonin, a neurotransmitter?
A) Regulates muscle contraction
B) Stimulates adrenaline release
C) Controls blood sugar levels
D) Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite
Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite
What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?
A) H2O is excreted into the urinary filtrate
B) Sodium ions are excreted
C) H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate
D) Potassium ions are re-absorbed
H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate
What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)?
A) Blood clotting
B) Oxygen transport
C) Muscle contraction
D) Hormone production
Blood clotting
Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of the lower extremity?
A) Rectus Femoris
B) Vastus Medialis
C) Vastus Intermedius
D) Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Lateralis
Which structure is located on the sternum?
A) Clavicle
B) Body
C) Xiphoid Process
D) Manubrium
Xiphoid Process
The occipital region is located in which part of the body?
A) Head / Skull
B) Limbs
C) Torso / Chest
D) Abdomen
Head / Skull
Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?
A) Plasma
B) Hemoglobin
C) Platelets
D) Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin
Which gland is commonly known as the “Master Gland?”
A) Thyroid Gland
B) Pancreas
C) Pituitary Gland
D) Adrenal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?
A) Cartilage
B) Tendon
C) Ligament
D) Muscle
Ligament
What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?
A) Hair follicle
B) Eccrine gland
C) Sebaceous gland
D) Nail
Eccrine gland (Merocrine / Sweat gland)
Which statement are true about bone?
A) Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone)
B) Osteocytes (mature bone cells), Spongy bone, Compact bone
C) Osteoclasts (break down bone), Periosteum (outer covering of bone), Axial skeleton
D) Marrow cavity, Fontanelles, Haversian canals
Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone)
Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?
A) Ear
B) Nose
C) Mouth
D) Eye
Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea)
The malleus, incus & stapes are located in which part of the body?
A) Head
B) Ear
C) Throat
D) Nose
Ear
Dorsiflexion & Plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?
A) Knee
B) Hand
C) Foot
D) Elbow
Foot
Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Coronary artery
Pulmonary vein (Remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to the heart, Arteries carry oxygen & nutrients away from the heart)
Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?
A) Parietal Lobe
B) Occipital Lobe
C) Frontal Lobe
D) Temporal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?
A) Semicircular canals
B) Vestibule
C) Cochlea
D) Eustachian tube
Cochlea
Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?
A) Uterus
B) Ovary
C) Cervix
D) Fallopian tubes
Fallopian tubes (also called uterine tubes)
Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?
A) Arm
B) Upper leg
C) Foot
D) Lower leg
Lower leg
An overproduction of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?
A) Middle ear
B) Inner ear
C) External ear and canals
D) Eustachian tube
External ear and canals
The mitral valve is located between which two structures?
A) Left ventricle and right atrium
B) Right ventricle and left atrium
C) Left ventricle and left atrium
D) Right ventricle and right atrium
Left ventricle and right atrium
The olfactory nerve is associated with which sense?
A) Taste
B) Hearing
C) Sight
D) Smell
Smell
Which vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Vena cava
Vena Cava
Which hormones are produced by the ovaries?
A) Testosterone and Estrogen
B) Estrogen and Progesterone
C) Progesterone and Testosterone
D) FSH and LH
Estrogen progesterone
Plane divides the body into left and right sides?
A) Coronal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Frontal
Sagittal
Two divisions that make up the nervous system?
A) PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central)
B) CNS & ANS (Central & Autonomic)
C) SNS & ANS (Somatic & Autonomic)
D) PNS & ANS (Peripheral & Autonomic)
PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central)
The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing?
A) Epiphysis
B) Diaphysis
C) Periosteum
D) Medullary cavity
Epiphysis
Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?
A) Cerebrum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
Which term is used to describe movement of arms and legs away from the midline of the body?
A) Flexion
B) Adduction
C) Abduction
D) Extension
Abduction (AB = Away from) (Correct Answer)
Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?
A) Femoral artery
B) Carotid artery
C) Jugular vein
D) Radial artery
Carotid artery
Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
A) Growth hormone
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
D) Insulin
Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
What is the primary function of hemoglobin?
A) Maintain blood pressure
B) Regulate body temperature
C) Carry oxygen
D) Produce hormones
Carry oxygen
What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?
A) Rise in CO2; Fall in O2
B) Rise in O2; Fall in CO2
C) Rise in CO2; Rise in O2
D) Fall in CO2; Rise in O2
Rise in CO2; Fall in O2
Which condition causes a client to say, “I can’t see far away?”
A) Nearsightedness
B) Farsightedness
C) Astigmatism
D) Presbyopia
nearsightedness
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Synthesize carbs & glycoproteins
B) Packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell
C) Break down cellular waste
D) Produce ATP
Packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell
Synthesize carbs & glycoproteins
What organ produces insulin?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Kidney
D) Gallbladder
Pancreas
Fertilization occurs in the?
A) Uterus
B) Ovary
C) Oviduct (fallopian tube)
D) Cervix
Oviduct
When drawing blood from the antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?
A) Brachial artery
B) Radial artery
C) Ulnar artery
D) Median cubital vein
Median cubital
What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?
A) Estrogen
B) Testosterone & Estrogen
C) Progesterone
D) Thyroid hormone
Testosterone and estrogen
Increase rate of breathing results in what blood pH change?
A) Alkalosis
B) Acidosis
C) Neutral pH
D) Hyperacidity
Alkalosis
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
A) Regulates balance and thermoregulation
B) Controls blood sugar levels
C) Produces insulin
D) Regulates heart rate
Regulates balance and thermoregulation
How many calories per gram do carbohydrates contain?
A) 7
B) 6
C) 5
D) 4
4
When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this process is called?
A) Active transport
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Exocytosis
Osmosis
What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?
A) Body becomes more alkaline
B) Body becomes more acidic
C) Body temperature decreases
D) Blood pressure decreases
Npdy becomes more acidic
What part of the body is the lower back?
A) Thoracic
B) Cervical
C) Lumbar
D) Sacral
Lumbar
High levels of which ion would most likely result in cardiac arrest?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium
Potassium
What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney?
A) Renal artery
B) Hepatic vein
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Renal vein
Renal vein
What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?
A) Parathyroid gland
B) Pituitary gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Thyroid gland
Thyroid
In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis?
A) Lymphocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Macrophages and neutrophils
D) Basophils
Macrophages and neutrophils
What structure of the eye picks out color?
A) Lens
B) Cornea
C) Retina
D) Optic nerve
Retina
What is the most protective layer of the skin?
A) Dermis
B) Subcutaneous tissue
C) Epidermis
D) Melanocytes
Epidermis
The organ of Corti is located in the?
A) Eye
B) Brain
C) Nose
D) Ear
Ear
Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?
A) Large intestine
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Liver
Small intestine
The Rough ER functions in human cells to?
A) Store energy
B) Synthesize proteins
C) Detoxify drugs and toxins
D) Produce ATP
Synthesize proteins
Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?
A) Fat
B) Carbohydrates
C) Protein
D) Vitamins
Protein
What is the definition of chyme?
A) A solid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach
B) A liquid produced by the liver to aid in digestion
C) A semi-solid mass of undigested food expelled by the stomach
D) A semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum
A semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum
What are hormones?
A) Enzymes
B) Organelles
C) Chemical messengers
D) Proteins
Chemical messengers
What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, & progesterone?
A) Uterus
B) Vagina
C) Ovaries
D) Fallopian tubes
Ovaries
What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?
A) Endocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Diffusion
D) Cilia
Cilia
Which is a hollow organ?
A) Liver
B) Gall bladder
C) Pancreas
D) Spleen
Gall bladder
Which muscle(s) is included in the quad femoris group?
A) Rectus femoris
B) Vastus lateralis
C) Vastus medialis
D) Vastus intermedius
(Correct Answer: All of the above)
Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?
A) Diaphragm
B) Alveoli
C) Bronchi
D) Medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata
A client has a large pituitary tumor. What part of the body does this affect?
A) Heart
B) Kidneys
C) Brain
D) Liver
Brain
Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?
A) Spleen
B) Thymus
C) Red bone marrow
D) Tonsils
Red bone marrow
What occurs when sympathetic nervous system stimulation is increased?
A) Blood pressure rises & goose bumps
B) Blood pressure decreases
C) Heart rate decreases
D) Respiratory rate decreases
Blood pressure rises & goose bumps
The buttocks are which surface of the body?
A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Ventral
D) Dorsal
Posterior
The esophagus is located in which body cavity?
A) Abdominal
B) Pelvic
C) Thoracic
D) Cranial
Thoracic
The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?
A) External auditory canal & inner ear
B) Inner ear & middle ear
C) Middle ear & external auditory canal
D) External auditory canal & middle ear
External auditory canal & middle ear
How many days is the average menstrual cycle?
A) 21 days
B) 28 days
C) 35 days
D) 42 days
28
Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?
A) Thymus
B) Spleen
C) Red bone marrow
D) Tonsils
Thymus
Calcaneus is located in?
A) Hand
B) Foot
C) Arm
D) Leg
Foot
Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?
A) Digest food
B) Pump blood
C) Expel waste
D) Regulate body temperature
Expel waste
Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?
A) Fallopian tubes
B) Ovaries
C) Uterus
D) Cervix
Ovaries
What are fingerprints made of?
A) Hair
B) Friction ridges
C) Skin cells
D) Sweat
Friction ridges
ABCD of cancer?
A) Adenoma
B) Benign
C) Melanoma
D) Nevus
Melanoma
Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?
A) Abdominal region
B) Pelvic region
C) Thoracic region
D) Cranial region
Pelvic region
Which one up angle at the joint?
A) Flexor
B) Extensor
C) Adductor
D) Abductor
Extensor
Which hormone is released by the posterior lobe?
A) Growth hormone
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Oxytocin & ADH
D) Prolactin
Oxytocin & ADH
Order of organization of living things?
A) Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere, Organelles, Cells
B) Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere
C) Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere, Organelles
D) Organelles, Cells, Organs, Tissues, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere
Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere, Organelles, Cells
All living things are made up of?
A) Organs
B) Cells
C) Molecules
D) Tissues
Cells
What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?
A) Long bones
B) Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles
C) Short bones
D) Irregular bones
Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles
Most obvious skin cancer?
A) Melanoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Basal cell carcinoma
D) Kaposi sarcoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Active transport requires?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Requires energy (ATP) from the cell
D) Requires energy from the environment
Requires energy (ATP) from the cell
Passive transport?
A) Requires energy
B) Does not require energy
Does not require energy
Diffusion is?
A) Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration
B) Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, low to high concentration
C) Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient
D) Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of equal concentration
Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration
Osmosis is?
A) Movement of solutes across a membrane
B) Movement of ions across a membrane
C) Movement of water across a membrane, low to high concentration
D) Movement of water across a membrane, high to low concentration
Movement of water across a membrane, high to low concentration
Fibrous joints are?
A) Immovable joints held together by cartilage
B) Freely movable joints held together by synovial fluid
C) Stationary joints held together by ligaments only
D) Movable joints held together by tendons
Stationary joints held together by ligaments only
Cartilaginous is?
A) Connection between articulating bones made up of ligaments
B) Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage
C) Connection between articulating bones made up of synovial fluid
D) Connection between articulating bones made up of fibrous tissue
Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage
Synovial joints are?
A) Immovable joints
B) Stationary joints
C) Freely mobile
D) Slightly movable joints
Freely mobile
Types of asexual reproduction?
A) Fertilization and meiosis
B) Binary fission and mitosis
C) Gametogenesis and fertilization
D) Meiosis and budding
Binary fission and mitosis
What is the eustachian tube?
A) Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear
B) Links the oropharynx to the middle ear
C) Links the laryngopharynx to the inner ear
D) Links the middle ear to the cochlea
Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear
Calciferol (aka vitamin D) is controlled by?
A) Thyroid hormone
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Adrenal hormone
D) Insulin
Parathyroid hormone
Sebaceous gland function?
A) Secretes sweat
B) Secretes oil
C) Secretes hormones
D) Secretes enzymes
Secretes oil
What is endocytosis?
A) Engulfs and brings in
B) Fuses with plasma membrane & releases contents outside of the cell
C) Breaks down cellular waste
D) Regulates cell metabolism
Engulfs and brings in (endo = internal)
Pituitary gland produces?
A) Insulin
B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone
C) Thyroid hormone
D) Parathyroid hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone
What does the adrenal gland secrete?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol & Aldosterone
C) Thyroid hormone
D) Parathyroid hormone
Cortisol & Aldosterone
Aerobic respiration takes place in?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy
anaerobic respiration produces?
A) Water
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Energy and uses glucose
D) ATP
Energy and uses glucose, but produces less energy and does NOT require oxygen
What parts of the respiratory system are in the upper respiratory?
A) Trachea and bronchi
B) Bronchioles and alveolar ducts
C) Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
D) Nasal cavity and pharynx
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
Aerobic respirations happen in the presence of?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Hydrogen
Oxygen
What is the soft spot on a baby’s head?
A) Cranial suture
B) Parietal bone
C) Fontanelle
D) Occipital bone
Fontanelle
Layers of the epidermis?
A) Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale
B) Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous tissue
C) Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum
D) Dermis, Epidermis, Hypodermis
Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale
The top of the sternum is called?
A) Xiphoid process
B) Manubrium
C) Body
D) Sternal notch
Manubrium
Parts of the sternum?
A) Body, Manubrium, Xiphoid Process
B) Xiphoid Process, Manubrium, Body
C) Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
D) Xiphoid Process, Body, Manubrium
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
What makes up most plasma?
A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Water
Water
Polypeptides are?
A) Simple sugars
B) Fats
C) Chains of amino acids
D) Nucleic acids
Chains of amino acids
What is mitosis?
A) The process of cell division
B) The process of DNA replication
C) The formation of gametes
D) The fusion of two haploid cells
The process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis
What is Meosis?
A) The process of DNA replication
B) The formation of polypeptides
C) Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells
D) The fusion of two haploid cells
Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells
Ribs are attached to the?
A) Clavicle
B) Scapula
C) Sternum
D) Vertebrae
Sternum
Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract?
A) To enzymatically break down food.
B) To perform gas exchange.
C) To absorb nutrients into blood.
D) To eliminate unabsorbed waste.
To perform gas exchange.
What is the best definition of homeostasis?
A a process whereby the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in internal and external conditions
B a process whereby the body breaks down glucose to make energy to fuel other cellular processes
C a process by which the body minimizes and responds to infection by microorganisms like bacteria and viruses
D a process through which the body maintains its genetic composition throughout despite different cells having different functions
a process whereby the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in internal and external conditions
Which best describes how the endocrine system works?
A defense through the use of antibodies
B communication through the use of hormones
C movement by contraction upon nervous stimulation
D blood flow through the use of the heart muscle
communication through the use of hormones
Which anatomical directional term refers to a body part being located toward the front of the body?
A lateral
B superior
C anterior
D posterior
anterior
Where is Vitamin K created in the body?
A liver
B lungs
C large intestine
D gall bladder
large intestine
What is the largest organ in the body?
A skin
B small intestine
C femur
D stomach
skin
A medical scientist studies the parenchyma of the kidney. What specific type of science is this?
A biology
B physiology
C anatomy
D histology
histology
What is erythropoiesis?
A red blood cell formation
B white blood cell formation
C the destruction of red blood cells
D the destruction of white blood cells
red blood cell formation
Which body part lacks keratin?
A hair
B skin
C nails
D teeth
teeth
What is the relationship between sarcomeres, myofibrils, and muscle cells?
A Sarcomeres contain muscle cells, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres.
B Myofibrils contain sarcomeres, which in turn are made up of muscle cells.
C Muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres.
D Muscle cells contain sarcomeres, which in turn are made up of myofibrils.
Muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres.
A person who has torn their vastus lateralis muscle will need which of the following?
A an arm sling
B a cane or crutches
C a rib support brace
D a neck brace
a cane or crutches
What is the shaft of a long bone called?
A diaphysis
B epiphysis
C osteoclast
D osteoblast
diaphysis
What is primarily regulated by the medulla oblongata?
A balance
B personality
C heart rate
D sensory input
heart rate
Which of the following is true about simple reflexes?
A They travel through the spinal cord to the brain.
B They travel only through the spinal cord.
C They travel only through the brain.
D They do not travel and remain localized
They travel only through the spinal cord
Estrogen serves what primary function in the female reproductive system?
A It initiates the preparation of the endometrium.
B It triggers the release of the egg from the ovary.
C It causes fertilization of the egg in the oviduct.
D It stimulates the lactation of breast milk
It initiates the preparation of the endometrium.
What is the name of the structure that transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
A urethra
B tubule
C ureter
D nephron
ureter
Humans can survive most easily without which of the following?
A pancreas
B lungs
C gallbladder
D liver
gallbladder
Which of the following is NOT a role of cortisol?
A reducing inflammation
B raising the blood sugar level
C inhibiting the release of histamine
D controlling motor impulses
controlling motor impulses
How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord?
A 7
B 12
C 24
D 31
31
Which organelles are hair-like extensions that move substances over a cell’s surface?
A Cilia
B Golgi apparati
C Centrioles
D Mitochondria
Cilia
What is the function of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)?
A Is part of the cell membrane
B Provides energy for the cell
C Serves as a secondary messenger
D Is an endocrine hormone
Serves as a secondary messenger
The neuron is composed of ________, which transmit signals toward the cell body, and a(n) _______, which transmits signals away from the cell body.
A dendrites, axon
B axons, dendrite
C filaments, axon
D axons, filament
dendrites, axon
Where is the pectoralis major muscle located?
A in the chest
B in the back
C in the feet
D in the buttocks
in the chest
Which is a steroid hormone?
A insulin
B calcitonin
C adrenaline
D estrogen
estrogen
Which pair of hormones regulates blood calcium homeostasis?
A thyroid hormone and calcitonin
B parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
C insulin and glucagon
D adrenaline and noradrenaline
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
Which organ within the digestive system is a site of both mechanical and chemical digestion?
A esophagus
B small intestine
C stomach
D large intestine
stomach
A woman’s body usually ovulates around what day in a normal 28 day cycle?
A Day 1
B Day 10
C Day 14
D Day 22
Day 14
Where are sperm stored in the male body once produced?
A scrotal sac
B epididymis
C seminal vesicles
D Cowper’s glands
epididymis
Which of these is the best analogy describing the function of the kidneys?
A A wastewater treatment plant
B A control center
C A medical facility
D A soldier training facility
A wastewater treatment plant
What is the most widely distributed type of sweat gland?
A Apocrine
B Endocrine
C Eccrine
D Submucosal
Eccrine
One child is playing on the playground and decides to climb the castle while another child stays on the ground. When the first child reaches the top of the castle, their position relative to the second child sitting on the ground is ________.
A superior
B inferior
C anterior
D posterior
superior
Extending an arm straight out to the side of the body would be described as a(n) _______ movement, while returning it back to the side of the body is a(n) ______ movement.
A distal, proximal
B lateral, medial
C posterior, anterior
D inferior, superior
lateral, medial
What plane divides your face in half down the middle?
A midsagittal
B transverse
C oblique
D frontal
midsagittal
Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?
A scapula
B ulna
C fibula
D temporal
temporal
Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory system?
A bronchi
B pharynx
C lungs
D trachea
pharynx
Which blood vessel returns blood from the systemic circuit to the heart?
A coronary sinus
B aorta
C superior vena cava
D pulmonary vein
superior vena cava
What type of hormones are follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone?
A tropic
B secondary
C steroid
D adrenal
tropic
What is the purpose of the mastication of food?
A to absorb proteins
B to increase its surface area
C to prevent digestion
D to neutralize stomach acid
to increase its surface area
Which hormone stimulates the interstitial cells of the testicles to produce testosterone?
A estrogen
B luteinizing hormone
C follicle-stimulating hormone
D growth hormone
luteinizing hormone
Which of the following happens during inhalation?
A thorax decreases in size
B external intercostal muscles relax
C diaphragm contracts
D air pressure in lungs increases
diaphragm contracts
What type of bone is the patella?
A sesamoid
B flat
C long
D irregular
sesamoid
What does the pulmonary vein do?
A carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
B carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
C carries deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
D carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Which layer of the epidermis contains cells that undergo mitosis?
A stratum lucidum
B stratum spinosum
C stratum basale
D stratum corneum
stratum basale
Which statement is correct?
A The dorsal cavity includes the thoracic and spinal cavities.
B The ventral cavity includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
C The dorsal cavity includes the spinal and abdominopelvic cavities.
D The ventral cavity includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
The ventral cavity includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
What process reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell in half?
A binary fission
B mitosis
C fertilization
D meiosis
meiosis
Where is adipose tissue located in the skin?
A stratum corneum
B hypodermis
C dermis
D stratum granulosum
hypodermis
Which section of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae?
A cervical
B thoracic
C lumbar
D sacral
thoracic
Which of the following glands is correctly matched with a hormone it secretes?
A adrenal cortex: adrenaline
B thyroid: thyroid stimulating hormone
C pancreas: glucagon
D parathyroid: calcitonin
pancreas: glucagon
From what type of blood cell are platelets derived?
A thrombocytes
B leukocytes
C lymphocytes
D erythrocytes
thrombocytes
Where does the chemical digestion of proteins primarily occur within the digestive system?
A mouth and stomach
B small intestine and large intestine
C stomach and small intestine
D mouth and esophagus
stomach and small intestine
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Tubules
Glomerulus
Nephron
Ureter
Nephron
The nervous system is divided into two parts, namely ___________ and ____________.
The central nervous system and spinal cord
The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system and somatic nervous system
The central nervous system and autonomic nervous system
The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
The specialized junction from which nerve impulses pass from one neuron to the next is called a _______________________.
Node of Ranvier
Dendrite
Axon terminal
Synapse
Synapse
Which type of bone has a diaphysis and two epiphyses?
Irregular bone
Short bone
Long bone
Flat bone
Long bone
Which of the following is not found in the vertebral column?
Atlas
Vomer
Axis
Coccyx
Vomer
Which of the following correctly describes the function of luteinizing hormone?
It stimulates spermatogenesis in males
It stimulates the production of testosterone in males
It stimulates the maturation of the ovarian follicle in females
It stimulates the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle in females
It stimulates the production of testosterone in males
Which of the following statements is incorrect about estrogen?
It is responsible for the female secondary sex characteristics
It is produced by the cells of the ovarian follicle
It stimulates ovulation
It stimulates the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle
It stimulates ovulation
Which of the following is a function of a neutrophil?
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Production of antibodies
Elimination of protozoa
Initiating allergic response
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Which of the following structure-function is incorrectly paired?
Spleen—Filters blood
Yellow bone marrow—Production of platelets
Red bone marrow—Production of B lymphocyte
Thymus—development of T lymphocyte
Yellow bone marrow—Production of platelets
The bolus is formed in which part of the digestive system?
Oral cavity
Stomach
Pharynx
Esophagus
Oral cavity
Which of the following correctly describes chyme?
Partially digested food mixed with an intestinal secretion
Partially digested food mixed with pancreatic secretions
Partially digested food mixed with saliva
Partially digested food mixed with gastric juice
Partially digested food mixed with gastric juice
What is the function of the small intestine?
Absorption of nutrients
Mastication
Compaction of waste to feces
Propulsion of feces to the rectum
Absorption of nutrients
The pectoralis major pulls the arm towards the midline. This movement is called _________.
Flexion
Abduction
Adduction
Supination
Adduction
What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?
Calcium binds to myosin to initiate the formation of cross-bridges between myosin and actin
Calcium binds to actin to initiate the formation of cross-bridges between myosin and actin
Calcium binds to tropomyosin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin
Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin
Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin
Which structure in the eye is responsible for color vision?
Iris
Cones
Rods
Lens
Cones
Which structure controls the activity of the endocrine system?
Thyroid gland
Hypothalamus
Parathyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?
Coronal
Sagittal
Transverse
Frontal
Sagittal
The left atrium receives blood from the ______.
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Which tissue has multinucleated striated cylindrical fibers and moves the body under voluntary control?
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cancellous bone
Compact bone
Skeletal muscle
Which is the most abundant nervous tissue?
Neurons
Dendrites
Neuroglia
Myelin
Neuroglia
What does the EKG do?
Records interventricular pressure
Records electrical activity of the heart
Records interatrial pressure
Records mechanical activity of the heart
Records electrical activity of the heart
Which of the following glands is correctly paired with its hormone?
Gonads-Follicle stimulating hormone
Parathyroid gland-Thyroid hormone
Pancreas-Glucagon
Adrenal cortex-Epinephrine
Pancreas-Glucagon
The tibia is _______ to the femur.
Distal
Lateral
Medial
Proximal
Distal
Where does erythropoiesis take place?
Red bone marrow
Heart
Yellow bone marrow
Thymus
Red bone marrow
