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Virology > Herpes Virus And Infection > Flashcards

Herpes Virus And Infection Flashcards

1
Q

The family herpesviridae consists of how many viruses??

A

More than 80 viruses

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2
Q

Describe the complex structure of herpes virus??

A

Consists of a large, dsDNA strand wrapped a densely staining core like a torus.

The genome is covered by a capsid of icosohedral symmetry made up of 162 capsomeres.

This is covered by a bilayered lipid layer called the envelope and this envelope contains glycoprotein spikes…. Connecting the envelope to the capsid is the tegument, an electron dense layer made up of proteins.

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3
Q

Classify herpes?

A

Realm - duplodnaviria
Kingdom - heunggongviria
Phylum- peploviricota
Class- herviviricetes
Order- herpesvirales
Family-herpesviridae
Sub fam - alpha, beta gama

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4
Q

What are the members of the alphaherpes viridae?

A

Herpes simplex type 1
Herpes simplex type 2
Varicella zoster virus

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5
Q

What are the members of the beta herpesviridae?

A

Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex type 6 and 7

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6
Q

What are the members of gama herpesviridae?

A

Epstein Barr virus.
Kaposi sacorma virus.

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7
Q

What are the features of alpha herpesviridae?

A

Have a wide range of host.
Have a short life cycle.
Establish latency by infecting ganglia.
They are neurotropic.
They have both neuro invasive and neuro virulent properties.

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8
Q

What are the neuro invasive and neuro virulent properties of herpes?

A

Neurotropism ie affinity for neurones.
Evasion of immune system.
Establishment of latency.
Reactivation.

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9
Q

What are the features of beta herpesviridae?

A

They are lymphoreticular.
Have a short/narrow range of host.
Have a long reproductive cycle.
Their cytomegalic appearance can cause swelling of cells.

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10
Q

What are the features of gama herpesviridae?

A

They are lymphoblastoid and are associated with lymphoproliferative diseases.

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11
Q

What are the commonly involved nerve ganglia in herpes infections?

A

Trigeminal, sacral…. Sometimes superior cervical and vagal ganglia are involved.

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12
Q

Herpes virus travels in the ganglia by??

A

Retrograde intra axonal flow.

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13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of HSV1 and 2??

A

1- primary infection is from lesions on skin, mucous membrane, mouth or throat.

2- primary infection is from onset of sexual activity.

They enter the system and travel from the PNS to the sensory neurons in the CNS through the axons.

Primary infection is usually asymptomatic and local multiplication leads to viremia and systemic infection and subsequent life long infection.

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14
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of HSV infections?

A

Systemic infection- fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy.

Gingivostomatis

Herpitic withlow

Eczema herpiticum

Genital herpes

Herpes simplex meningitis

Herpes simplex encephalitis

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15
Q

List the clinical manifestations caused typically by HSV 2

A

Genital herpes
Herpes simplex meningitis

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16
Q

List the clinical manifestations caused typically by HSV 1

A

Herpes simplex encephalitis.

17
Q

What are the modes of transmission for herpes virus??

A

For HSV1 - contact with the virus in mouth, Saliva, or sores. Can be transmitted to genital area 2ru oral-genital contact.

For HSV2- transmitted during sex 2ru contact with genital or anal surfaces.

Both can be transmitted from mother to child causing genital herpes.

18
Q

How many weeks does it take for someone to develop vzv?

A

Two weeks after exposure.

19
Q

What is the mode of transmission of vzv virus?

A

Contact with infected person.
inhalation of aerosols from vesicular fluid.
Through infected respiratory secretions.

20
Q

A person with vzv is considered considered contagious from 2days before rash appears till all chicken pox lesions have been crusted.
T/F

A

True

21
Q

What is the average incubation period for varicella??

A

14-16 days

22
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of varicella?

A

Enters into the system through the respiratory tract or conjunctiva.

After multiplication at inoculation site, it spreads to blood stream and reticuloendothelial cell.

Secondary multiplication is done on skin and mucosa producing vesicles filled with infection.

23
Q

Pathogenesis of zoster virus

A

After primary infection, virus persists in sensory ganglia of CNS.

Reactivation occurs many years later and causes tissue damage in the dermatome severed by infected ganglia.

24
Q

Why is zoster infection most serious when it affects cranial nerves??

A

Because it affects face, eye, head and sight impairment can occur.

25
Q

Which cells does epstein Barr virus affect??

A

B lymphocytes (non productive) and epithelial cells (productive).

26
Q

Why is infection of b lymphocytes by epstein Barr virus non productive??

A

Because the virus undergoes latency in the b lymphocytes.

27
Q

Which diseases is ebv linked with?

A

Gastric carcinoma
Systemic lupus erythomatosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple sclerosis

28
Q

What’s the mode of transmission for epstein Barr virus??

A

Through bodily fluids esp Saliva.

Blood and semen too during blood transfusion and organ transplant.

Can also be spread by using objects such as tooth brush and drinking cup recently used by an infected person.

29
Q

What type of infection does cmv cause in healthy and immunocompromised individuals respectively??

A

Mononucleosis and severe illness.

30
Q

Mode of transmission of cmv

A

Transmitted through body fluids.
Can be transmitted sexually and by blood transfusion..
Can be transmitted from mother to child during child birth.

31
Q

What are the complications of cmv??

A

Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Hepatitis
Neuropathy
Retinitis

32
Q

What does herpesvirus 6 cause??

A

Roseola infantum in children with fever lasting 3-5 days.

Erythomatosus maculopauper rash appears after fever subsides.

Rash is initially on the trunk and spreads to face and limbs.

33
Q

What does herpesvirus 8 cause??

A

Kaposi sarcoma syndrome.
Body cavity based lymphoma of b cell origin.
Castleman’s disease.
Hyperplastic lymphadenopathy

34
Q

For diagnosis of human herpes virus, where can specimens be gotten from and what test is used??

A

Oral and genital vesicle fluid
Swab from oropharynx
Throat Swab and washings
Blood, csf.

And PCR is the best test used.

35
Q

Why is PCR the best test for HHV??

A

Because it Detects the specific viral dna in any kind of body fluid.

36
Q

What is the treatment for herpes??

A

Idoxuridine
Vidarabine
Cytarabine

37
Q

The most effective and safe treatment for herpes is??

A

Acyclovir

38
Q

How is HHV prevented??

A

Avoid contact with infected person.

Virology (4 decks)

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