Herpes Flashcards
What are the characteristics of the herpesviridae family?
doubled stranded DNA virus. Enveloped. Icosahedral capsid. Replicates in the nucleus.
What cytopathic effect does VZV and HSV have?
multinucleated giant cells and intranuclear inclusion bodies called “owl’s eye”
what are the viruses in the herpesviridae family?
Herpes simplex 1 & 2, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, human herpes virus 6,7,8
From what membrane do Herpes viruses get their envelope?
the nuclear membrane (the only virus to bud out of the nuclear membrane)
What are the clinical manifestations of HSV 1&2?
gingivostomatitis - painful, swollen gums, perioral vesicles, fever
genital herpes - fever, headache, discharge, enlarged lymph nodes, painful blisters
herpetic keratitis - corneal blindness
encephalitis
Describe the characteristic rash of chickenpox
vesicles look like “dew on a rose petal” - a red base with a fluid filled blister in the middle
vesicles can be at different stages of development
how is zoster transmitted? how is chickenpox transmitted?
zoster - direct contact with vesicles
chickenpox - respiratory secretions
what are the four types of infectious states of CMV?
- asymptomatic infection
- CMV mononucleosis
- reactivation of CMV in an immunocompromised patient (retinitis, pneumonia, disseminated infection, death)
- congenital disease (deafness, mental retardation, microencephaly)
What are the characteristics of EBV mononucleosis?
fever, chills, sweats, very painful pharyngitis, enlarged lymph nodes and spleed. Blood work shows a leukocytosis with lots of atypical lymphocytes
how do you diagnose EBV mononucleosis?
with the mono spot test which looks for the presence of heterophile antibodies against EBV
what cell type does EBV infect? What disease is associated with EBV infection?
B cells. EBV is associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma
What disease is human herpes virus 8 associated with?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
What are the first line drugs for herpes infections?
acyclovir/valacyclovir or ganciclovir/valgancyclovir
what are the second line drugs for herpes infections?
Foscarnet and Cidofovir
what are the mechanisms of action of the herpes drugs?
acyclovir - guanosine analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Foscarnet - PPi that inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Cidofovir - cytidine analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase
