Heredity Vocabulary, Chapter 6. Flashcards
Allele
Different forms of a gene.
Genotype
The combination of genes for one or more traits.
Phenotype
An organisms apperance or other detectable characteristics.
Homozygous
One big B and one little b on a punnett square.
Heterozygous
Two big B’s on a punnett square.
Dominant Trait
The trait observed in the first generation when parents have different traits are bred.
Recessive Trait
A trait that reappers in the second generation when parents with different traits are bred.
Mitosis
Cell division that results in two cells with equal number of chromosomes to the original cell.
Meiosis
Cell division that results in four cells with half the number of chromosomes from the original cell.
Identical Twins
The fertilized egg divides into two seperate embryos.
Fraternal Twins
Two seperate eggs are produced and each are fertilized by different sperm.
Sex-Linked Disorders
A genetic disorder that is found on the X chromosomes.
Chromosome
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Gene
One set of instructions for an inherited trait.
DNA
Molecule found in the nucleas of all living cells.
DNA Replication
The bases (A,T,G,C) split and new base match up to the old ones.
Double Helix
A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.
Chargaff’s Rule
Found that the amount of adenine always equals the amount of the thymine.
Mutations
Changes in the number, type, or order of bases on a piece of DNA.
Deletion
A base gets left out.
Insersion
An extra base is added.
Substitution
The wrong base is used.
