Heredity vocabulary Flashcards
An alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait, can be dominant or recessive. For example: Y or y
Allele
Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait. Example YY orYy for yellow pea plant.
Dominant
Biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of a gene DNA to improve crop production, produce large volumes of medicine, and change how cells perform their normal functions.
Genetic Engineering
The study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles. Gregor Mendel, a Catholic monk, is the Father of Genetics.
Genetics
The genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
The passing of traits from parent to offspring.
Heredity
Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait. Example: Dd
Heterozygous
Describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait. Example: DD or dd
Homozygous
An offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent.
Hybrid
Production of a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous parents. Example: A Chestnut horse bred with a Cremello horse produces a Palomino horse.
Incomplete Dominance
Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result if its genotype. Examples: Yellow Pea Plant, Green Pea Plant
Phenotype
Occurs when a group of gene pairs act together and produce a specific trait such as a human eye color, skin color, or height.
Polygenic inheritance
A tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine.
Punnett Square
Describes a trait that is covered over or dominated by another form of that trait and seems to disappear. Example: yy
Recessive
An allele inherited on a sex chromosome and that can cause human genetic disorders such as color blindness and hemophilia.
Sex-linked gene
