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Science 9 > Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits > Flashcards

Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Carriers of genes, the unit determiners of hereditary characteristics. Found tightly packed in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cells. Number varies depending on the species. Any increase or decrease in the number in species can cause mutation or inviability that can lead to the death of an organism.

A

-Chromosomes

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2
Q

Increase of chromosomes is called?

A

-Polyploidy

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3
Q

How many of DNA molecule does a chromosome have?

A

-2 strands

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4
Q

The blueprint of life or the genetic plan of the organism.

A

-DNA

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5
Q

The entire DNA in the body cells makes up what is called the human_____________.

A

-Genome

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6
Q

How many of chromosomes does a human have? How many pairs?

A
  • 46 chromosomes

- 23 chromosome pairs

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7
Q

Chromosomes that have the same size, shape, and genes.

A

-Homologous Chromosomes

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8
Q

Divides the chromosomes into two arms.

A

-Centromere

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9
Q

What is the other name for the long arm? How about the short arm?

A
  • q arm

- p arm

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10
Q

Which is the largest chromosome? which is the shortest?

A
  • chromosome 1

- chromosome 22

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11
Q

Chromosomes numbers 1 to 22 are the _________.

A

-Autosomes (body chromosomes)

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12
Q

Determines the sex of the organism. They are last two chromosomes with the letter designations X and Y.

A

-Sex chromosome

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13
Q

Determiners of hereditary characteristics.

A

-Genes

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14
Q

Genes are portions of the__________, which biologists consider as the fundamental unit of hereditary.

A

-DNA molecule

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15
Q

The specific location of the genes along the entire length of the chromosomes.

A

-Locus (loci)

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16
Q

Genes that are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

A

-Linked genes

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17
Q

One allele is not completely dominant over the other allele resulting in the bending of characteristics or the appearance of an intermediate phenotype possessed by two parents.

A

-Principle of Incomplete Dominance

18
Q

The heterozygous characteristics are both fully expressed in the offspring.

A

-Principle of Codominance

19
Q

Traits that are controlled by multiple alleles

A

-Principle of Multiple Alleles

20
Q

Traits that are controlled by the genes found in the sex chromosomes (both X or Y).

A

-Sex linked traits

21
Q

Trait that is carried by the autosomes and not the sex chromosomes

A

-Sex Influenced trait

22
Q

Traits that are limited to a certain gender.

A

-Sex Limited Trait

23
Q

Examples of sex linked traits

A
  • Hemophilia

- Color Blindness

24
Q

Examples of sex influenced traits

A

-Baldness

25
Q

Examples of sex limited traits

A

-Milk lactating mothers

26
Q

Examples of Principle of Codominance

A

-Roan coat colored cow

27
Q

Examples Principles of Multiple Alleles

A
  • Human blood groups

- Coat color

28
Q

Half the usual number of chromosomes

A

-Haploid (23 chromosomes)

29
Q

Union of the egg and sperm.

A

-Fertilization

30
Q

Each member of a pair of genes. Causes the contrasting expression or alternative forms of trait.

A

-Allele

31
Q

Mating animals that are distantly related

A

-Line breeding

32
Q

Is the process of inbreeding individuals from genetically distinct populations to produce a hybrid.

A

-Genetic Hybridization

33
Q

Genetic condition where an individual inherits the same alleles of a gene from both parents.

A

-Homozygous

34
Q

`Genetic condition where an individual inherits different alleles of a gene from two parents

A

-Heterozygous

35
Q

An organism’s collection of genes. The term can also refer to the two alleles inherited for a particular gene.

A

-Genotype

36
Q

An organism’s observable physical properties.

A

-Phenotype

37
Q

The union of the egg and sperm. The union results in the formation of a diploid zygote that grows by mitosis into a multicellular organism.

A

-Fertilization

38
Q

A genotype with the symbol Aa.

A

-Heterozygous

39
Q

Gives rise to offspring that has unique combination of genes. The offspring is similar to the parents but not identical.

A

-Sexual Reproduction

40
Q

It refers to the characteristics of an organism.

A

-Traits

Science 9 (4 decks)

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