Heredity Flash cards

Question 1

heredity

Answer 1

the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

Question 2

Dominant Trait

Answer 2

the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different trait are bred

Question 3

Recessive Trait

Answer 3

a trait that reappears in the second generation after dissapearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

one set off instructions for an inherited trait

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

the genetic constitution of an individual organism

Question 8

Probability

Answer 8

Supplement. Probability is used to measure the chances or likelihood of an event to occur, a hypothesis being correct, or a scientific prediction being true. In biology, it is used in predicting the outcome of a genetic cross or of a random experiment.

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

Meiosis is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms used to produce the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells with only one copy of each paternal and maternal chromosome.

Question 10

Sex chromosomes

Answer 10

a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.

Question 11

Pedigree

Answer 11

the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Question 14

Mutations

Answer 14

the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.

Question 15

RNA

Answer 15

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information