Heredity Chapter 5 Flashcards
The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.
Heredity
The trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred.
Dominant trait
A trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred.
Recessive Trait
One set of instructions for an inherited trait.
gene
One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic such as hair color.
allele
An organisms appearance or other detectable characteristic.
Phenotype
The entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits.
Genotype
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
homologous chromosomes
A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decrease to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells.
Meiosis
One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
sex chromosomes
A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.
predigree
The likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event.
probability
deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that is represent in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live.
DNA
In a nucleic-acid chain a sub-unit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
Nucleotide
a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule.
mtations
