Heredity and Genetics Flashcards
The father of modern genetics
Gregor Mendel
It is a part of DNA, a characteristic of a trait wherein heredity is transferred to offspring.
Gene
Observable traits and characteristics
Phenotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
A masked gene that is present in DNA but not visible
Recessive
A variant form of a gene, representing a specific trait or characteristic.
Allele
A manifested gene that is mostly observed but not always seen
Dominant
Two types of genes
Homozygous and Heterozygous
Same type of gene – either dominant or recessive
Homozygous
Different type of gene
Heterozygous
Diagram showing genetic crosses
Punnett square
A trait controlled by multiple genes
Polygenic
Random shuffling of alleles during reproduction
Segregation
Basic unit of heredity
Gene
The likelihood of an event occurring
Probability
A trait masked by another
Recessive
The occurrence of two DIFFERENT alleles for a trait in an individual
Heterozygous
The occurrence of two SAME alleles for a trait in an individual
Homozygous
The complete set of an organism’s genes
Genome
The failure of chromosomes to separate during cell division is called
Nondisjunction
The specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Locus
The chance that two genes will be inherited together
Linkage
The inheritance pattern where both alleles contribute to the phenotype
Codominance
