Cell Cycle Flashcards
How many phases does the cell cycle have?
4
A cell spends most of its life in this phase.
Interphase
The three purposes of cell division (mitosis)
Growth, repair, reproduction
Any cell in the body of an organism, except for sex cells.
Somatic cells
What is the purpose of interphase?
Cell growth
How many stages does interphase have?
3 stages
What are the stages in interphase?
G1 > S > G2
(growth/gap 1 > synthesis phase > growth/gap 2)
In this stage of interphase, the cell is busy growing and carrying out its supposed function.
Growth/Gap 1 (G1)
In this stage of interphase, the cells grow too much that it no longer functions well; needing to divide. a copy of DNA is being made during this phase.
Synthesis Phase (S)
In this stage of interphase, once DNA replication is complete, it enters this stage.
Growth/Gap 2 (G2)
In this stage, chromatids become replicated chromosomes. further preparation for cell division happens here. it is the last and shortest part of interphase.
Growth/Gap 2 (G2)
The second phase of cell cycle
Cell division
Cell division occurs in…
Mitosis (M) phase
The two events occurring in M phase
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
The division of the cell’s nucleus, also known as nuclear division
Mitosis
Division of the cell’s cytoplasm, also known as cytoplasmic division
Cytokinesis
How many phases does mitosis have?
5
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
Prophase > Metaphase > Anaphase > Telophase
A structure inside a cell that contains genes and DNA. It serves as a storehouse of genetic information.
Chromosome
This is a portion of a chromosome
Chromatid
A pair of chromatids is called
Sister chromatid
The exact and same copy of a chromatid
Homologus
______ Protect DNA and do not include genes
Telomeres
Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers form.
Prophase
Chromosomes align at the cell’s center, forming a metaphase plate.
Metaphase
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase
The last phase of mitosis wherein chromosome uncoils, and spindle fibers break down and dissolve. Cytokinesis then starts.
Telophase
Division of the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
Having half the number (one set) of chromosomes, it has no partner.
Haploid
having the full set (two sets) of chromosomes, it has a partner.
Diploid
Purpose of cell division (meiosis)
production of gametes for sexual reproduction
Sex cells such as egg and sperm cells are called
gametes
New spindle fibers form in each haploid cell. (meiosis)
Prophase II
Chromosomes align individually at the metaphase plate. (meiosis)
Metaphase II
Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles. (meiosis)
Anaphase II
Chromatids reach the poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cytokinesis occurs. (meiosis)
Telophase II
It results in four haploid daughter cells, each genetically unique due to crossing over in Meiosis I.
Telophase II
