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Heredity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does a capital letter stand for?

A

A dominant trait

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2
Q

What does a lowercase letter stand for?

A

A recessive

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3
Q

What is a genotype?

A

What a trait looks like on the inside (Aa, bb)

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4
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

What a trait looks like from the outside (big nose)

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5
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Two recessive or two dominant alleles (bb, AA)

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6
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Two different alleles (Aa, Bb)

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7
Q

Who is known as “The Father of Genetics”?

A

Gregor Mendel

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8
Q

What did Gregor Mendel conduct his studies on?

A

Pea plants

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9
Q

What are the possible genotypes for this cross: Aa x Aa?

A

AA, Aa, aa

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10
Q

What are the possible phenotypes for this cross: Aa x Aa, when A = straight hair and a = curly hair?

A

Straight hair and curly hair

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11
Q

How many children will have curly hair in this cross: Aa x Aa, when A = straight hair and a = curly hair?

A

1 out of 4 children will have curly hair

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12
Q

How many children will have straight hair in this cross: Aa x Aa, when A = straight hair and a = curly hair?

A

3 out of 4 children will have curly hair

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13
Q

What combinations will the top row (first alleles) of this dihybrid cross be? (AaBb) x Aabb

A

AB, Ab, aB, ab

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14
Q

What combinations will the side column (second alleles) of this dihybrid cross be? AaBb x (Aabb)

A

Ab, Ab, ab, ab

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15
Q

What is one trait that Gregor Mendel studied in pea plants?

A

Seed shape, flower color, seed coat tint, pod shape, unripe pod color, flower location, and plant height (just one needed)

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16
Q

What is one trait that Gregor Mendel studied in pea plants?

A

Seed shape, flower color, seed coat tint, pod shape, unripe pod color, flower location, and plant height (just one needed)

17
Q

What is one trait that Gregor Mendel studied in pea plants?

A

Seed shape, flower color, seed coat tint, pod shape, unripe pod color, flower location, and plant height (just one needed)

18
Q

Why were scientist’s able to learn about genetics so easily?

A

Gregor Mendel’s studies were so well-written and specific that scientists could understand his whole process even 30+ years after he died.

19
Q

What’s an independent variable?

A

The thing the scientist purposely changes in an experiment

20
Q

What’s a dependent variable?

A

The thing that changes as a result of the independent variable in an experiment

21
Q

What’s a constant?

A

The thing that stays the same and never changes in an experiment

22
Q

What’s a control group?

A

A group that does not get changed to use as a reference to see the changes better in the other group

23
Q

Emily wants to see which soda is more popular with people during Summer. She buys six different sodas and starts selling them at noon everyday until 4 pm. The first day, she sells Coke and Pepsi, and coke is bought more. The next day she sells Coke and Sprite, and Coke wins. The next, Coke and Dr. Pepper, Coke wins. Then with Squirt, Coke wins. Lastly, Mt. Dew, and Coke wins yet again. What is the independent variable in this scenario?

A

Which sodas she chooses to sell/buy

24
Q

Emily wants to see which soda is more popular with people during Summer. She buys six different sodas and starts selling them at noon everyday until 4 pm. The first day, she sells Coke and Pepsi, and coke is bought more. The next day she sells Coke and Sprite, and Coke wins. The next, Coke and Dr. Pepper, Coke wins. Then with Squirt, Coke wins. Lastly, Mt. Dew, and Coke wins yet again. What is the dependent variable in this scenario?

A

Which soda option gets bought more

25
Q

Emily wants to see which soda is more popular with people during Summer. She buys six different sodas and starts selling them at noon everyday until 4 pm. The first day, she sells Coke and Pepsi, and coke is bought more. The next day she sells Coke and Sprite, and Coke wins. The next, Coke and Dr. Pepper, Coke wins. Then with Squirt, Coke wins. Lastly, Mt. Dew, and Coke wins yet again. What is one constant in this scenario?

A

The time she sells the soda, the amount of soda options each day, the location, etc

26
Q

Emily wants to see which soda is more popular with people during Summer. She buys six different sodas and starts selling them at noon everyday until 4 pm. The first day, she sells Coke and Pepsi, and coke is bought more. The next day she sells Coke and Sprite, and Coke wins. The next, Coke and Dr. Pepper, Coke wins. Then with Squirt, Coke wins. Lastly, Mt. Dew, and Coke wins yet again. What is the control group in this scenario?

A

There is none

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