Heredity Flashcards
heredity
the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring
Dominant trail
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred
Genes
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
Alleles
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic such as hair color
Phenotype
an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristics
Genotype
the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
Probability
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
Meiosis
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus which results in the production of sex cells
Sex chromosomes
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
Pedigree
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in all living cells and contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live
Nucleotide
in a nucleic-acid chain a subunit that consists of a sugar a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Mutations
A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence
RNA
ribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production
Ribosome
a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
